15 4.
The integration of different language skill is involved in the communication.
5. Learning is a process of creative construction which involves trial and
error. Based on the points above, the learners will learn to communicate and
fluency will become the important aspect in speaking skill. It is appropriate for learners who rarely practice speaking skill.
a. The Materials of CLT
According to Richard and Rodger 2001, there are lots of materials used to support communicative approach to language teaching.
1. Text-based materials
Text-based materials are materials that are based on the texts which help the teacher to initiate conversation. The examples of these materials are visual
cues, pictures, and sentence fragments.
2. Task-based materials
In order to support CLT classes, a variety of games, role-play, and task- based communication activities have been prepared. These are usually in the form
of one-of-a-kind items, namely: exercise, handbook, cues card, pair communication practice, and learners-interaction practice.
3. Realia
Realia might be included as proponents of CLT. This might include language based realia such as sign, magazines, newspaper, or visual sources
around which communicative activities can be built maps, pictures, etc. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
16 Based on those kinds of materials in CLT, the writer focused on all of
those materials. In this study, those materials are suitable to be implemented. Those materials are also very interesting for the students to learn the new material.
b. The Characteristics of CLT
The most obvious characteristic of CLT is done with a communicative intent Larsen-Freeman, 2000:129. In CLT, students use the language as the
communicative activities. According to Larsen and Freeman 2000, p. 129 activities that are truly communicative have three features in common, namely:
information gap, choice, and feedback. According to Larsen and Freeman 2000, p. 129 an information gap exists
when one person in an exchange knows something the other person does not. There will be information exchange from the speaker to another. The choice of
what the speaker will say and how the speaker will say is one of the parts of communication. If the speaker has no choice and the exchange, therefore, it is not
communicative. True communication is purposeful Larsen-Freeman, 2000, p: 129. A
speaker can evaluate whether or not his or her purpose has been achieved based on the information heshe receives from hisher listener. If the listener does not
have an opportunity to provide the speaker with such feedback, then the exchange is not really communicative. Another characteristic of CLT is the use of authentic
materials Larsen-Freeman, 2000, p: 129. It is considered desirable to give students an opportunity to develop strategies for understanding language as it is
actually used. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
