the World”, “Soldier’s Home”, “The Undefeated”, and “The Light of the World”
as the data source. B.
Review of Related Theories 1.
Theories of Translation
“Translation is an operation performed on languages: a process of substituting a text in one language for a text in another” Catford, 1974: 1.
Basically, translation is the activity of transferring a message from the source language to the target language. As stated by Nida and Taber in the book The
Theory and Practice of Translation, translation has the goal to reproduce the message. In reproducing the message, however, the translator needs to make
grammatical and lexical adjustments 1974: 12. Therefore, the changes that occur during the translation process are inevitable.
2. Theories of Prepositions
Prepositions are classified as function words that have the main function to relate words and form grammatical structures Withers and Brockman, 1980: v.
In Indonesian, according to the classification made by Anto M. Moeliono in Tata Bahasa Indonesia: Penggolongan Kata, generally, a preposition always precedes
a noun and it never comes in the end of a sentence Ramlan, 1985: 43. Randolph Quirk, Sidney Greenbaum, Geoffrey Leech, and Jan Svartvik in A Comprehensive
Grammar of the English Language propose that prepositions may denote several possible meanings. First is the prepositions that denote spatial relation, second is
the prepositions that denote temporal meaning, third is the prepositions that denote the causepurpose spectrum, fourth is the prepositions that denote the
meansagentive spectrum, fifth is prepositions that denote accompaniment meaning, and sixth is the prepositions that denote support and opposition meaning
1985: 674 – 703. The present research only focuses on locative prepositions which show spatial meaning. The spatial relation shown by the prepositions
includes the locative and directive meaning carried by the prepositions. When repositions are used to indicate space, the dimensional properties of the location
affect the prepositions’ meaning and the spatial relation shown by the locative preposition 1985: 673. There are four kinds of dimension regarding the spatial
relationship that an object may have. First is the dimension-type 0 which shows that the subject is located in the dimensionless location or can be said that the
subject’s position is in a point related to the object. Second is the dimension-type 1 which carries the meaning that the object of the preposition is perceived as a
line. Third is the dimension-type 2 which takes the object of the preposition as a surface and thus the subject can be positioned on the top of the object. Fourth is
the dimension-type 3 which denotes the meaning that the object is three dimensional and has a volume 1985: 673-676. The classification above is used
to categorize the meaning of the locative prepositions. In accordance with the theory of Indonesian preposition by Alwi et al. in
Tata Bahasa Baku Bahasa Indonesia, based on its structure, prepositions can be classified
into monomorphemic
and polymorphemic
prepositions. Monomorphemic prepositions are prepositions that only contain one morpheme.
Followings are the examples of monomorphemic prepositions and its meaning. 1.
Bagi, untuk, buat, guna: showing the target recipient PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
2. Dari: showing the source location
3. Dengan: showing the manner
4. Di: indicating position
5. Karena, sebab: showing cause
6. Ke: showing directive meaning destination place
7. Oleh: showing agentive meaning
8. Pada: indicating place or time relation
9. Tentang: showing the subject matter
10. Sejak: showing time, duration from a certain time to another time
There are two kinds of polymorphemic prepositions. First is the affixed polymorphemic prepositions which are structured by adding an affix to the free or
bound morphemes. For instance, the addition of affix –kan to morpheme bagai constructs the affixed polymorphemic bagaikan that carries the meaning of
showing likelihood. The other polymorphemic prepositions are the prepositions that consist of two free morphemes. The two morphemes can be both prepositions
or only one of them is preposition. The examples of polymorphemic preposition that consists of two prepositions are
1. Daripada: showing comparison
2. Kepada: showing destination of place
3. Oleh karena, oleh sebab: showing cause
4. Sampai denganke: showing time limit
5. Selain dari: showing exception
