b. The target language text SLT1 is later translated back into the source
language Source Language Text 2, SLT2 by a second translator who is a native of the source language and not aware of the existence of the
original ST c.
Comparison of the SLT1 and SLT2 d.
A conclusion is drawn based on the similarities and differences between the SLT1 and SLT2
The conclusion can be inferred from more identical the SLT1 and SLT2, the better the quality and the equivalence of the translation. Yet, as the present
research does not discuss about translation equivalence, the back translation method employed in this research is used to see if there is new translation
probabilities when the locative prepositions are translated back into SL.
C. Theoretical Framework
In answering the questions, applicable and relevant theories are needed. The theories of preposition and translation are employed in answering the first
question that deals with how the prepositions are translated into TT. The theories of preposition and translation are used to determine which word is the translation
of the locative preposition and the meaning of the prepositions. The second question dealing with the translation possibilities of the
preposition at, in, on is also related to the theories of preposition and its meaning. Harkness and Gulsberg’s theory of back translation is applicable in seeing
whether there are new translation probabilities of the locative preposition or not. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
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CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY
A. Areas of Research
The present research employs the research area of text analysis and translation with the focus on the translation variations of the locative preposition
at, in, and on in Ernest Hemingway’s short stories. Text analysis and translation research area, as stated by William and Chesterman 2002: 6, includes the
analysis of the translated text which is the analysis and comparison of the product of the translation the text in the TL and the original text the text in the SL. The
focus of the study varies, yet it cannot have several focuses at once. The study must take one aspect in the source text as the focus of the study. For instance, it
can be its linguistic features, translation problems, or translation strategies applied. Thus, in comparing the source text and the target text, the research can
begin with finding the significant feature in the original text that later can be used
as the focus of the study. B.
Object of the Study
The object of the present research is the locative prepositions at, in, and on in the four short stories of Ernest Hemingway. The short stories used as the data
sources are “The Capital of the World”, “Soldier’s Home”, “The Undefeated”, and “The Light of the World”. The four short stories above are chosen among the
other Hemingway’s short stories for the reason that among the seventeen translated short stories in Ernest Hemingway: 17 Cerita Terbaik, the four short
stories above contain at least five data points for each preposition that become the focus of the present research. Hence, the chosen short stories are considered to
have enough representation of the translation variations and are qualified to be the objects of the present research.
C. Method of the Study
The library and field research are used in the present research. The library research is conducted by reading any relevant book and journal. The present
research employs the library research in the purpose of collecting sufficient ground and theories from various books to support the research. The field research
is implemented through the back translation method conducted for the research. The back translation method is used in the form of a survey that requires the
participants to complete the given questionnaires.
D. Research Procedure
1. Types of Data
a. Objective Data
The data taken from the Source Text are the objective data. The objective data of the present research are collected from Ernest Hemingway’s short stories
titled “The Capital of the World”, “Soldier’s Home”, “The Undefeated”, and “The Light of the World” which are published in The Complete Short stories of Ernest
Hemingway published by Scribner in 1985 and the Indonesian version of the short stories translated by Sutrisno, S.Pd. in Ernest Hemingway: 17 Cerita Terbaik
published by IndoLiterasi in 2015.
b. Affective Data
Affective data of the research are the data taken from the respondents or readers involved in the research. The contribution of the respondents or readers to
the research can be in the form of questionnaires, interviews, or observations. In the present research, the affective data are the result of the back
translation method as a mean of a questionnaire. The present research conducts the back translation method with four respondents whose native language is
English and who has a good proficiency of Indonesian, so that the respondents are expected to be able to translate the translated text into its source language well.
The respondents are coded as R1, R2, R3, and R4. R1 was an American citizen whose job was a congress staff and spent 4 years living in Indonesia. R2 was an
American artist who had been staying in Indonesia for 33 years. R3 was an American lecturer who had been staying in Indonesia for 3 years. R4 was an
Australian diplomat who had been staying in Indonesia for 3 years and purposely learning Indonesian.
2. Data Collection
The data of the present research were collected in two steps. First, the objective data were collected through reading. Second, the affective data were
collected through the back translation method using questionnaires. In collecting the objective data, locative preposition at, in, and on in the
short stories “The Capital of the World”, “Soldier’s Home”, “The Undefeated”,
and “The Light of the World” were highlighted. This process includes the activity
of dividing the whole data into three different categories, the data containing PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
