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3.4 Instrument of the Study
The instrument of the study is gone through four ways, depending on the necessity and kind of information needed.
3.4.1 Observation
Observation or description about the teaching and learning process are worth data. It is needed for observing or monitoring the on-going teaching learning process,
including the students and the teacher. There were five aspects of observation towards the students, such as the students‟ attendance, the students‟ interest and
motivation, the students‟ activities during the teaching learning process, the students‟ activities in focusing the attention to the teacher‟s explanation and the
students‟ cooperation in their group during the lesson. There are also nine aspects of observation to the teacher, such as teacher‟s
ability in preparing the teaching learning process, opening the lesson, developing teaching learning process, explaining the material, managing the class, using the
language, using media, conducting the assessment and closing the lesson.
3.4.2 Field Note
Field note was used to note finding and improvement during teaching learning process of the classrooms activities. It was made in order to observe and get
information about the situation in the class. Based on Wallace‟s aspects, the writer constructed five aspects which were also related to purpose of the study that asked
about the use of audio-visual aid of processes in teaching writing procedure text. The explanation could be seen as follows:
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Table 3.1 Wallace’s Aspects in Constructing Field Notes
Number of Question Students Opinion
1 About the process of teaching learning
2 About the students‟ attention
3 About the implementation of audio-visual aid
of processes 4
About the interaction between the students and teacher
5 About the improvement of students‟ writing
skill after using audio-visual aid of processes
3.4.3 Test
The writer gave a pre-test, cycle I test, cycle II test and pos-test to collect the data. The aim is to gather an in-depth understanding of human behavior and the reasons
that govern such behavior. Aiming at enhancing students learning, the writer observes and gathers evidence of students learning systematically, makes
professional reflection and plans the strategies of improvement. Pre-test is a test given before doing the action research. The writer came to
the chosen class and explained to the students what they were going to do. The writer distributed the instrument and also explained a little about procedure text
and asked them to do the pre-test. The cycle tests were given during the treatment as an exercise and practice for students. It was used to measure the improvement
of the treatment. And then post-test was given after all the activities. The test
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given to the students was the same as the pre-test and the result was used to analyze the effectiveness of using audio-visual aid of processes in teaching
writing procedure text.
3.4.4 Questionnaire
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