What is a computer crime?

identity before granting access, or the lock itself can serve as the verification device that also grants or restricts entry. Badges Badges, identification cards, and security IDs are forms of physical identification andor of elec- tronic access control devices. A badge can be as simple as a name tag indicating whether you are a valid employee or a visitor. Or it can be as complex as a smart card or token device that employs multifactor authentication to verify and prove your identity and provide authentica- tion and authorization to access a facility, specific rooms, or secured workstations. Badges often include pictures, magnetic strips with encoded data, and personal details to help a security guard verify identity. Badges may be used in environments in which physical access is primarily controlled by secu- rity guards. In such conditions, the badge serves as a visual identification tool for the guards. They can verify your identity by comparing your picture to your person and consult a printed or electronic roster of authorized personnel to determine whether you have valid access. Badges can also serve in environments guarded by scanning devices rather than security guards. In such conditions, the badge can be used either for identification or for authentication. When the badge is used for identification, it is swiped in a device and then the badge owner must provide one or more authentication factors, such as a password, pass phrase, or biological trait if a biometric device is used. When the badge is used for authentication, the badge owner pro- vides their ID, username, and so on and then swipes the badge to authenticate. Motion Detectors A motion detector, or motion sensor, is a device that senses the occurrence of motion in a specific area. There are many different types of motion detectors, including infrared, heat, wave pattern, capacitance, photoelectric, and passive audio. An infrared motion detector monitors for signifi- cant or meaningful changes in the infrared lighting pattern of a monitored area. A heat-based motion detector monitors for significant or meaningful changes in the heat levels and patterns in a monitored area. A wave pattern motion detector transmits a consistent low ultrasonic or high microwave frequency pattern into the monitored area and monitors for significant or meaningful changes or disturbances in the reflected pattern. A capacitance motion detector senses changes in the electrical or magnetic field surrounding a monitored object. A photoelectric motion detector senses changes in the visible light levels of the monitored area. Photoelectric motion detectors are usually deployed in internal rooms that have no windows and are kept dark. A passive audio motion detector listens for abnormal sounds in the monitored area. Intrusion Alarms Whenever a motion detector registers a significant or meaningful change in the environment, it triggers an alarm. An alarm is a separate mechanism that triggers a deterrent, a repellant, and or a notification. Alarms that trigger deterrents may engage additional locks, shut doors, and