Kesimpulan Saran KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN

BAB V KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN

5.1. Kesimpulan

Pada penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan beberapa hal sebagai berikut : 1. Kombinasi pemberian ekstrak teh hijau dan melakukan aktifitas berenang memiliki kecenderungan menurunkan kadar kolesterol total, trigliserida dan LDL kolesterol namun secara analisa statistik tidak signifikan pada mencit dengan pakan tinggi lemak. 2. Pemberian ekstrak teh hijau tidak mempengaruhi profil lipid pada mencit dengan pakan tinggi lemak. 3. Aktifitas berenang tidak mempengaruhi profil lipid pada mencit dengan pakan tinggi lemak. 4. Konsumsi pakan tinggi lemak meningkatkan kadar kolesterol total dan LDL kolesterol secara signifikan pada hari ke 21 perlakuan.

5.2. Saran

Adapun saran penulis adalah sebagai berikut : 1. Untuk mencegah terjadinya peningkatan kadar kolesterol yang berlebihan disarankan untuk tidak mengkonsumsi makan tinggi lemak secara terus-menerus. 2. Untuk penelitian selanjutnya disarankan pemberian tinggi lemak yang bukan berasal dari kuning telur. Universitas Sumatera Utara 3. Untuk memperoleh hasil yang maksimal disarankan melakukan penelitian dengan durasi waktu yang lebih lama terhadap konsumsi teh hijau dan latihan. Universitas Sumatera Utara DAFTAR PUSTAKA Anandh, B.P.V., Sabitha, K.E. and Shyamaladevi, C.S. 2006. Green tea extract impedes dyslipidemia and development of cardiac dysfunction in streptozotocin-diabetic rats. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol. 3312 : 1184-9. Boschmann, M. and Thielecke, F. 2007. The effects of epigallocatechin -3-gallate on thermogenesis and fat oxidation in obese men : A pilot study. J Nutr., 26 : 389S-395S. Bose, M., Lambert, J. D., Ju, J., Reuhl, K.R., Shapses, S.A. and Yang, C. S. 2008. The mayor greeen tea polyphenol, --Epigallocacethin-3-Gallate, inhibits obesity, metabolic syndrome, and fatty liver diseace in high-fat-fed mice. J Nutr., 138 : 1667 – 1683. Bruno, R. S., Dugan, C. E., Smyth, J. A., DiNatale, D. A. and Koo, S. I. 2008. Green tea extract protects leptin – deficients, spontaneously obese mice from hepatic steatosis and injury. J Nutr., 138: 323 – 331. Bursill, C.A., and Roach, P.D., 2007. A Green tea catechin extract upregulates the hepatic low density lipoprotein receptor in rats. Journal Lipid, 42 : 621- 627. Cabrera, C., Artacho, R. and Gimenez, R. 2006. Beneficial effects of green tea-a review. J Nutr., 25 : 79 - 99. Chyu, K., Babbidge, S. M., Zhao, X., Dandillaya, R., Rietveld, A. G., Yano, J., Dimayuga, P., Cercek, B. and Shah, P. K. 2004. Diferendial effects of greeen tea derived catechin on developing versus estaghished aterosclerosis in apolipoprotein E-null mice. Circulation, 109 : 2448 – 2453. Ciulla, L., Menezes, H.S., Bueno, B.B.M., Schuh, A., Alves, R.J.V.and Abegg, M.P. 2007. Antidepressant behavioral effects of duloxetine and fluoxetine in the rat forced swimming test. Acta Cir Bras, 22: 351- 4. Universitas Sumatera Utara Couillard, C., Despres, J., Lamarche, B., Bergeron, J., Gagnon, J., Leon, A.S., Rao, O.C., Skinner, J.S., Wilmore, J.H.and Bouchard. C. 2001. Effects of endurance exercise training on plasma HDL cholesterol levels depend on level of triglycerides, evidence from men of the health, risk factors, exercise training and genetics Heritage family study. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc. Biol. 21: 1226 – 1232. Dulloo, A. G., Duret, C., Rohrer, D., Girardier, L., Mensi, N., Fathi, M., Chantre, P., and Mander, J. V. 1999. Efficacy of a green tea extract rish in catechin polyphenol and caffeine in increasif 24-h energy expenditure and fat exidation in humans. Am J Clin Nutr., 70: 1040 – 1045. Frank, J., George, T. W., Lodge, J. K., Rodriguez-Mateos, A. M., Spencer, J. 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Can EGCG reduce abdominal fat in obese subject?, J Nutr., 26 : 3965 – 4023. Hirano-Ohmori, R., Takahashi, R., Moniyama, Y., Taniguchi, H., Yonemura, A., Tamai, S., Umegaki, K., Nakamura, H., Kondo, K. and Ohsuzu, F. Green Universitas Sumatera Utara tea consumption and serum malondialdehyde modified LDL concentration in healthy subjects. J Nutr., 24 : 342 – 346. Inami, S., Takano, M., Yamamoto, M., Murakami, D., Tajika, K., Yodogawa, K., Yokoyama, S., Ohno, N., Ohba, T., Sano, J., Ibuki, C., Seino, Y. and Mizuno K. 2007. Tea catechin consumption reduces circulating oxidized low-density lipoprotein. Int Heart J. 48 : 725 – 732. Kasper, D.L., Fauci, A.S., Longo, D.L., Braunwald, E., Hauser, S.L. and Jameson, J.L., 2005. Harrson’s principles of internal, 16th edition. McGraw-Hill Companies. King, M.W., 2010. Cholesterol and bile synthesis and metabolism. Http:themedicalbiochemistry.orgcholesterol.html Kodama, S., Tanaka, S., Saito, K., Shu, M., Sone, Y., Onitake, F., Suzuki, E., Shimano, H., Yamoto, S., Kondo, K., Ohashi, Y., Yamada, N.and Sone, H. 2007. Effect of aerobic exercise training on serum levels of high- density lipoprotein cholesterol. Arch Intern Med., 167 : 999 – 1008. Lewis, G.F. and Rader, D.J. 2005. New insights into the regulation of HDL metabolism and reverse cholesterol transport. Circ. Res. 96: 1221 – 1232. Löest, H. B., Noh, S. K. and Koo, S.I. 2002. Green tea ekstract inhibits the lymphaticabsorbsi of cholesterol and alpha-tacopherol in ovariectomized rats. J Nutr., 132 : 1282 – 1288. Maki, K.C., Reeves, M.S., Farmer, M., Yasunaga, K., Matsuo, N., Katsuragi, Y., Komikado, M., Tokimitsu, I., Wilder, D., Jones, F., Blumberg, J, B. and Cartwright, Y. 2008. Green tea catechin consumption enhances exercise- induced abdominal fat loss in overweight and obese adults. J Nutr., 139 : 264-270. Maron, D. I., Lu, G. P., Cai, N. S., Wu, Z.G., Li, Y. H., Chen, H., Zhu, J. Q., Jin, X. J., Wouters, B. C. and Zhao, J. 2003. Cholesterol – lowering effect of a theaflavin – enriched green tea extract. Arch Intern Med, 163 : 1448-1453. Universitas Sumatera Utara McKay, D.L., and Blumberg, J. B., 2002. Review the role of tea in human health: an update. J Nutr., 21 : 1 – 13. Miura, Y., Chiba, T., Tomita, I., Koizumi, H., Miura, S., Umegaki, K., Hara, Y., Ikeda, M. and Tomita, T. 2001. Tea catechins prevent the development of atherosclerosis in Apoprotein E. Deficient mice. J Nutr., 131 : 27 – 32. Murase, T., Haramizu, S., Shimotoyodome, A., Nagasawa, and Tokimutsi, I. 2005. Green tea extract improves endurance capacity and increases muscle lipid oxidation in mice. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol, 288 : R 708 – R 708 – R 708 – 715. Murase, T., Haramizu, S., Akira, S., Ichiro, T. and Hase, T. 2006. Green tea extract impoves running endurance in mice by stimulating lipid utilization during exercise. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 290: R1550 – R1556. Murase, T., Haramizu, S., Ota, N., and Hase. T. 2008. Tea catechin ingestion combined with habitual exercise suppresses the aging-associated decline in physical performance in senescence-accelerated mice. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol, 295 : R281-R289. Murray, R.K., Granner, D.K., Mayes, P.A. and Rodwell, V.W., 2003. Harper’s Illustrated biochemistry, twenty sixt edition. McGraw-Hill Companies. Mutungi, G., Ratliff, J., Puglisi, M., Torres-Gonzaler, M., Vaishnav, U., Leite, J.O., Quann, E., Volek, J.S. and Fernandez, M.L., 2008. Dietary cholesterol from eggs increases plasma HDL cholesterol in overweight men consuming a carbohidrate restricted diet. J. Nutr. 138 : 272 – 276. Nagao, T., Komine, Y., Soga, S., Meguro, S., Hase, T., Tanaka, Y. and Tokimitsu, I. 2005. Ingestion of a tea rich in catechins leads to a reduction in body fat and malondialdehyde – modified LDL in men. Am J Clin Nutr., 81 : 122 – 9. 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Universitas Sumatera Utara Yang, E.J., Chung, H.K., Kim,W.Y., Kerver, J.M. and Song, W.O. 2003. Carbohydrate intake is associated with diet quality and risk factors for cardiovasculer disease in U.S. adults:NHANES III. J.Am. Col. Nutr. 22 : 71 -79. Yokozawa, T., Nakagawa, T., and Kitani, K., 2002. Antioxidative activity of green tea polyphenol in cholesterol-fed reds. J. Agric. Food Chem., 3549- 3552. Zhang,G., Miura, Y. and Yagasaki K. 2002. Effects of dietary powdered green tea and theanine on tumor growth and endogenous hyperlipidemia in hepatoma-bearing rats. Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem. 66: 711-716. Universitas Sumatera Utara Lampiran 1 Universitas Sumatera Utara Lampiran 2 Universitas Sumatera Utara Lampiran 3 Universitas Sumatera Utara Universitas Sumatera Utara Universitas Sumatera Utara Universitas Sumatera Utara Universitas Sumatera Utara Lampiran 4 Universitas Sumatera Utara Universitas Sumatera Utara Universitas Sumatera Utara Universitas Sumatera Utara Lampiran 5 Universitas Sumatera Utara Lampiran 6 Universitas Sumatera Utara Universitas Sumatera Utara Universitas Sumatera Utara Universitas Sumatera Utara Universitas Sumatera Utara Universitas Sumatera Utara Lampiran 7 Analisis Normalitas dan Homogenitas Data Kolesterol, Trigliserida, HDL dan LDL Hasil Pemeriksaan Hari ke 21 Tests of Normality ,254 4 . ,960 4 ,780 ,300 4 . ,754 4 ,042 ,205 4 . ,963 4 ,797 ,301 4 . ,924 4 ,561 ,206 4 . ,979 4 ,894 ,195 4 . ,954 4 ,743 ,186 4 . ,964 4 ,806 ,166 4 . ,984 4 ,925 ,250 4 . ,962 4 ,790 ,192 4 . ,971 4 ,850 ,205 4 . ,970 4 ,840 ,146 4 . ,995 4 ,983 ,192 4 . ,971 4 ,850 ,301 4 . ,897 4 ,414 ,157 4 . ,994 4 ,975 ,205 4 . ,986 4 ,936 ,244 4 . ,929 4 ,588 ,317 4 . ,904 4 ,453 ,323 4 . ,899 4 ,425 ,249 4 . ,928 4 ,581 kelompok teh+renang teh renang pakan kolesterol kontrol teh+renang teh renang pakan kolesterol kontrol teh+renang teh renang pakan kolesterol kontrol teh+renang teh renang pakan kolesterol kontrol Kolesterol Trigliserida HDL LDL Statistic df Sig. Statistic df Sig. Kolmogorov-Smirnov a Shapiro-Wilk Lilliefors Significance Correction a. Tests of Normality ,228 4 . ,975 4 ,870 ,301 4 . ,755 4 ,043 ,213 4 . ,941 4 ,661 ,328 4 . ,896 4 ,412 ,218 4 . ,977 4 ,886 ,268 4 . ,937 4 ,637 ,232 4 . ,945 4 ,685 ,369 4 . ,817 4 ,136 ,286 4 . ,937 4 ,634 ,254 4 . ,909 4 ,477 kelompok teh+renang teh renang pakan kolesterol kontrol teh+renang teh renang pakan kolesterol kontrol trans_kolesterol trans_LDL Statistic df Sig. Statistic df Sig. Kolmogorov-Smirnov a Shapiro-Wilk Lilliefors Significance Correction a. Universitas Sumatera Utara Test of Homogeneity of Variance ,690 4 15 ,610 ,624 4 15 ,653 ,624 4 8,553 ,658 ,684 4 15 ,614 3,542 4 15 ,032 2,424 4 15 ,094 2,424 4 8,556 ,128 3,425 4 15 ,035 Based on Mean Based on Median Based on Median and with adjusted df Based on trimmed mean Based on Mean Based on Median Based on Median and with adjusted df Based on trimmed mean trans_kolesterol trans_LDL Levene Statistic df1 df2 Sig. Hasil transfomasi data koleterol dan LDL tetap tidak normal dan tidak homogen. Berarti data diuji dengan uji nonparametrik “Kruskal Wallis”. Test Statistics

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