Kerangka Pikir Penelitian LANDASAN TEORI, KERANGKA PIKIR DAN PENGAJUAN HIPOTESIS

48 Menurut Borg Gall dalam Setyosari, 2012: 215 penelitian pengembangan adalah suatu proses yang dipakai untuk mengembangkan dan memvalidasi produk pendidikan. Langkah-langkah pengembangan dalam penelitian ini meliputi melalui sepuluh langkah kegiatan. Menurut Borg and Gall dalam Pargito, 2009: 50 kesepuluh langkah tersebut diuraikan berikut ini. 1. Research and information collecting includes needs assessment, review of literature, small-scale research studies, and preparation of report on state of the art. 2. Planning- includes defining skills to be learned, stating and sequencing objectives, identifying learning activities, and small-scale feasibility testing. 3. Develop preliminary form of product-includes preparation of instructional materials, procedures, and evaluation instruments. 4. Preliminary field testing-Conducted in from 1 to 3 schools, using 6 to 12 subjects, interview, observational, and quistionaire data collected and analyzed. 5. Main product revision- Revision of product as suggested by the preliminary field-test results. 6. Main field testing- Conducted in 5 to 15 schools with 30 to 100 subjec. Quantitative data on subjecs precourse and postcourse performance are collected. Results are evaluated with respect to course objectives and are compared with control group data, when appropriate. 7. Operational product revision- Revision of produk as suggested by main field test results. 8. Operational field testing- Conducted in 10 to 30 schools involving 40 to 200 subjects, interview, observational, and questionnaire data collected and analyzed. 9. Final product revision – Revision of product as suggested by operational field test result. 10. Dessiminatin and implementation – Report on product at professional meeting and in journals. Work with publisher who assumes commercial distribution, monitor distribution to providc quality. Langkah-langkah Pengembangan secara ringkas meliputi kegiatan sepuluh langkah menurut Borg and Gall dalam Darsono, 2008: 78 meliputi 1 penelitian dan pengumpulan informasi research and information collection, 2 perencanaan planning, 3 pengembangan produk pendahuluan develop premilinary form of