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easy to explain to the switch. A speaker may similary switch to another language as a signal of group membership and shared ethnicity with an addressee.
To help revealing the code switching strategy, the writer decided to conduct a research on one of MTV pograms. For the study, the writer chooses
MTV Ampuh as the research. MTV Ampuh is one of the best teenage programs on MTV Indonesia and usually the VJ of this program mix Indonesian and English as
their character and style when they speak each other. Therefore, the writer chooses the dialogues of MTV’s VJ on MTV Ampuh
program as a unit analysis because the writer finds so many factors is influenced the code switching or mixing cases in their dialogues. Beside that, the writer
wants to learn deeply about code switching.
B. Focus of the Study
Base on the background of the study, the writer would like to analyze about the codes which are used by VJ on MTV Ampuh on Global TV. As well as,
the writer is also to find out the the factor which mostly influence the VJ for code or mixing on MTV Ampuh.
C. Research Question
Based on the background of study above, the writer wants to explain and to analyze is about code switching used by VJ of MTV Ampuh, the research
questions are as follows:
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1. What are the types of code switching or code mixing used by the VJ in
presenting the program? 2.
What are the factors influencing of code switching or mixing used by the VJ on MTV Ampuh?
D. Significance of the study
This papers are expected to give not only benefit for the reader, but also give valuable knowledge of code switching or code mixing to the students who
want to make further in this field. The writer also hopes that this study will provide information for people especially bilingual speakers in bilingual context
and environment that codes is important for them in communicating smoothly with others.
Besides, he hopes this study will also broaden the knowledge in the field of sociolinguistics since the research related to people’s daily conversation.
Finally, teh writer hopes that this study will be useful as an additional reference for those who are interested in learning ,ore about code switching and also in
making a further study on this topic.
E. Research Metodology
1. The Objectives of the Research
The objectives of the reeesearch are below:
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a To know the types of codes switching or mixing which is usually used
by the MTV’s VJ in presenting the program. b
To know the factors influencing code switching or mixing is usually used by the VJ on MTV Ampuh.
2. Method of the Study
The method that is used in this research is descriciptive qualitative method. Qualitative method is research which relies on verbal data and non
numerical in the same manner as the basic of analyze and creative problem solving of the research.
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The writer will describes the data which are found in two videos about code switching between Indonesian-English or English-
Indonesian. After that, the writter will classify the data in order to make an easier interpretation for people.
3. Instrument of the Study
In this study, the instrument is the writer’s himself. In conducting this study, the writer was supported by some equipment such as the supporting
library of the research, television, video recorder, and internet.
4. Unit Analysis
In conducting this research, the writer used the VJ of “MTV Ampuh” as his subjects and examined the use of the code switching in Indonesia –
English or English – Indonesia utterances. The VJ of MTV March 13
th
, 2009
12
Muhammad Farkhan, Proposal Penelitian Bahasa dan Sastra. Jakarta: Cella, 2007. p. 8.
9
in “MTV Ampuh” program usually produces Indonesian, English, Javanese, Sundanese utterances. But in this project, the writer focused on English –
indonesian and Indonesian – English utteances. The writer, in this case limited the subject to the types of code switching or code mixing and the
factors influencing that happened on ‘MTV Ampuh” is presented by the VJ of this program. He restricted to episodes on MTV Ampuh Special Chart with
Peterpan and MTV Ampuh with VJ Agnes Monica in March 19, 2009.
5. Technique of Data Analysis
According to the method which is used, sociolinguistics theoretical approximation method becomes the references of the research.
Sociolinguistics theoretical approached related to the teory or knowledge which observes to the languages utitized in term of people.
13
In term of sociolinguistics research, Mahsun says sociolinguistics research includes collect the data, analyze the data and explaination of the end
result of the data is analized.
14
In collecting the data for the research, the writer followed five step. Firstly, the writer observed the “MTV Ampuh”
program by watching and recording this program. Secondly, the writer watches again the recorded program which contains of codes language that
used by VJ on MTV Ampuh. Thirdly, the writer choose the utterances that consisted of codes switching. Fourthly, the writer wrote down the data into
13
Abdul Chaer
1994. op. cit. p. 3.
14
Mahsun. Metode Penelitian Bahasa: Tahapan Strategi, Metode, dan Teknikny. Jakarta: PT Raja Grafindo Persada, 2005. pp. 202‐203.
10
table. The final step is to analyze the data based on the types and the factors of codes switching.
In order to answer the research questions, the writer determined the factors that influence codes switching based on the related theories. In
determining the factors, the writer paid attention to the context involving VJ’s conversation. Whenever the codes switching or mixing occured, the writer
put marks on the specified column of the following table:
Table 1.1. Types and Factors influencing Code Switching
No of Data Title of the program
Context Sentence
Code Switching Code Mixing
Participant Solidarity
Status Topic
Note
F. Place and Time of the Study
This research began in March 2010 in Syarief Hidayatullah Jakarta’s library, and in certain library of university in Jakarta which provide and give
the information and refereces about material that is needed.
CHAPTER II THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
A. Sociolinguistics
The study of language in society is called sociolinguistics, and we can say that language and people are one and can not be separated since people and
language fulfill the need of each other. From the birth, people in all around the world learn language that so called mother tounge and this language will be used
by them in their every day live, in order to communicate each other such as gives an idea, shows an expression, and mind.
1
Sociolinguistics is branch of linguistics. It derives from the words sociology and linguistics, the differences of study which have different function.
Sociology is the study of nature and growth of society and social behavior from an individual or group within human’s institutional and social process.
2
Sociology is the study which gets to know about the procces of people that go on and keep in
exist. And linguistics itself has a different set of meaning. Linguistics is a study of language. So, sociolinguistics is the study of linguistics that related to social
phenomeno and sociological point of view. The relation between socio and linguistics has possible been a long history of mandkind since sociolinguistics
deals with language and society, and linguistics have still actively involved in this field of study.
1
Bernard Spolsky, Sociolinguistics Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998, p.2.
2
Abdul Chaer and Leonie Agustina, Socialinguistics: Perkenalan Awal Jakarta: Rineka Cipta, 2004. p.2.
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Spolsky says sociolinguistics is the study about the relations between language and community. Wardhaugh agree with Spolsky’s statement and he
gives an additional for its statement, sociolinguistics studies the relations of language and society purpose and direction to get to know language structure, rule
and function of language within comunnication of society.
3
Holmes says sociolinguistics not only studies about the relations between language and the society, but also explains why we speak differently in different
social contexts, which are concerned with identifying the social functions of language and the way which is used to convey social meaning. Through the
language, Investigating the way people in a particular environment and situation use language in different social context provides a wealth of information about the
way language works, as well as about the social relationship in a community, and the way people signal aspect of their social identity.
4
Blom and Gumperz described an example about the way people use language in different social context and the way language, as well as, situation of
relationship in a community. Observating shows that the speakers able to use norm is applied when they involved in the right enviorment of conversation. The
statements above give clear explaination about the functions of sociolinguistics and defines role of the way people use language.
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3
Ronald Wardhaugh, An Introduction to Sociolinguistics, 4
th
edition Massachusetts: Blackwell Publisher, 2002. p.10.
4
Ibid. p.11.
5
Richard A Hudson, Sociolinguistics, 2
nd
edition London: Cambridge University Press, 1996. p.53.
According to Gumperz, as quoted by Ronald Wardhaugh sociolinguistics is an attempt to find correlations between social structure and linguistic structure
and to observe any changes that occur.
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B. Language Choice