Convey that S and H are cooperators

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b. Convey that S and H are cooperators

This category derives from the want to convey that S and H are cooperatively involved in the relevant activity. There are three ways of convey cooperation: 1. S’s may indicate his knowledge of and sensitivity to H’s ants. strategy 9 2. S and H can claim some kind of reflexivity between their wants. strategy 10-13 3. S may indicate, that he believes reciprocity to be prevailed between H and himself, thus that they are somehow locked into a state of mutual helping. strategy 14 15 Strategy 9: Assert or presuppose S’s knowledge of and concern for H’s wants Asserting or implying knowledge of H’s wants and willingness to fit one’s own wants in with them is a way of indicating that S and H are cooperators that potentially put pressure on H to cooperate with S. E.g. I know you can’t bear parties, but this one will really be good, do come Strategy 10: Offer, promise In order to redress the potential threat of some FTAs, S may choose to stress his cooperation with H in claiming whatever H wants, S wants for him and will help to obtain. E.g. I’ll drop by sometime next week. 15 Fallon, Daniel. Positive and Negative Politeness. Hildesheim: Hildesheim University Press. 2004. p.13 19 Strategy 11: Be optimistic S is optimistic to assume that H wants S’s wants for S and will help him to obtain them. Such optimistic expressions of FTAs seem to work by minimizing the size of the face threat by giving expressions like a little, a bit, for a second. E.g. I’m borrowing your pen for a sec, OK? Strategy 12: Include both S and H in the activity S uses an inclusive ‘we’ form when really means ‘you’ or ‘me’. By using this expression, S can call upon the cooperative assumptions and thereby redress FTAs. E.g. Give us break. formerly, give me break. Strategy 13: Give or ask for reasons S gives reasons why he wants what he wants. By including H in his practical reasoning and assuming reflexivity H wants S’s wants, H is thereby led to see the reasonableness of S’s FTA or so S hopes. For example: Why don’t we go to the seashore Strategy 14: Assume or assert reciprocity The existence of cooperation between S and H may also be claimed or urged by giving evidence of reciprocal rights or obligations obtaining S and H. For example, S may say, ‘I’ll do X for you if you do Y for me’ or ‘I did X for you last week, so you do Y for me this week’. 20

c. Fulfill H’s want for some X