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B. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
This research applies qualitative methodology. It does not use any statistical procedure. Therefore, the writer tries to describe and analyze
politeness strategies used by three main characters in the movie. To analyze politeness strategies, the writer uses a movie Pirates of the
Caribbean: Dead Man’s Chest as its unit of analysis, including its screenplay which is written by Tedd Elliot and Terry Rossio.
The instrument of this research is the writer himself by watching the movie Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Man’s Chest and reading the film script.
The data will be analyzed through descriptive analysis technique. In this technique, the writer notes, separates and classifies utterances in the film’s
dialogues into appropriate politeness strategies. Then they will be analyzed and described by using Brown and Levinson’s theory particularly Face Threatening
Acts FTAs and politeness strategies.
C. THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
Brown and Levinson’s politeness theory which is used as writer’s theoretical framework consists of two parts. The first part is their fundamental
theory concerning the nature of politeness and how it functions in interaction. The second part is their face theory which contains three basic notions: face, face
threatening acts FTAs and politeness strategies with examples from three languages: English, Tzeltal, and Tamil.
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a. Face Threatening Acts FTAs
Face is defined as an individuals self esteem. It has two aspects, namely negative and positive face. Negative face is the desire to be unimpeded in ones
actions and positive face is the desire in some respects to be approved of.
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When we interact with others in society, it is necessary to keep ones own face or to avoid threatening anothers face. In order to avoid these face-threatening acts
abbreviated as FTAs, we try to employ politeness strategies in our interactions. Brown and Levinson classify different kinds of such politeness strategies used
according to the ways we react to FTAs. They also point out that the determinants of the kinds of politeness strategies used are the following three
sociological factors: the relative power of the hearer over the speaker, the social distance between the speaker and the hearer, and the ranking of the imposition
in doing the face-threatening act.
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When a face-threatening act is involved in our interaction, we make a decision whether or not we should execute it. If we decide to do it, we can either
do it directly, i.e. on record by Brown and Levinsons term, or do it off record, which means it is done indirectly. If we do it without paying any consideration to
the hearer, we do it baldly. If we try to reduce the face-threatening effect to the hearer, we use either positive politeness or negative politeness. Positive
politeness means that the speaker tries to save the hearers positive face by reducing the distance between them. By negative politeness, on the other hand,
the speaker tries to keep the hearers negative face by valuing the hearers personal territory.
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Penelope Brown and Stephen C. Levinson. Politeness: Some Universals in Language Usage. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 1987. p.13
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Ibid p.15-16
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b. Politeness Strategy
Politeness strategies, developed by Brown and Levinson, have function as a redressive action to Face Threatening Acts FTA. Choosing them depend
on how risky S wants to redress H’s wants. Simply, the more an act threatens H’s face, the more S will want to choose a higher-numbered strategy. This by virtue
of the fact that the strategies afford payoffs of increasingly minimize risk. There are five politeness based on Brown and Levinson’s theory, they
are: 1 Bald on Record, 2 Positive Politeness, 3 Negative Politeness, 4 Off Record, 5 Don’t Do the FTAs.
D. RESEARCH FINDINGS
The writer describes of the three main characters: Jack Sparrow, Elizabeth Swann, and Will Turner and analyzes them which led to the
compilation of corpus of conversational data from filmscript of Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Man’s Chest. These corpus, then by the writer, are classified
into appropriate politeness strategies and going to be elaborated based on the plot of the movie and the appropriateness of Brown and Levinson’s theory. The
data are shown below:
A. Jack Sparrow
No Jack and
to whom he speaks to
S to H The used
strategies Corpus
Playback Time
movie Page
filmscript
1 Jack Sparrow
to Bill Turner Positive
politeness: 6 Avoid
disagreement: Token agreement
BT : You got the Pearl back, I see.
JS : I had some help retrieving
the Pearl, by the way.
00:13:04 9
7 2 Jack
Sparrow to Gibbs
Bald on record No no Leave it
Run 00:16:49 11
3 Jack Sparrow
to Gibbs Off record: 7
Use contradictions G : Let’s put
some distance between us and
this island, and head out to open
sea. JS : Yes to the
first, yes to the second, but only
insofar as we keep to the
shallows as much as
possible. 00:42:47 29
4 Jack Sparrow
to Will Turner Positive
politeness: 14 Assume or assert
reciprocity William, I shall
trade you the Compass, if you
will help me to find this.
00:43:50 30
5 Jack Sparrow
to Davy Jones Positive
politeness: 4 Use in-group
identity markers: Address forms
You’re a diamond, mate.
01:01:08 42
6 Jack Sparrow
to Elizabeth Swann
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