subject after teaching-learning process. Second, it is one of the ways to measure the goal of achieving the learning objective. The last, a test is also a
systematic procedure to get information about studen ts’ certain characteristic.
2. Kinds of Tests
In this study, the writer focuses on the summative test which relates to her research about analysis the content validity of English summative tests for
second grade of technology major at three vocational schools that have been accredited A up to C. Meanwhile, to understand kinds of tests that are used by
the test-makers for each purpose, the writer delivers four kinds of test based on Gronlund. They are summative test, formative test, placement test, and
diagnostic test.
4
Here the following four types of test based on each purpose that has been stated by Gronlund:
a. Summative Test
Gronlund states “the summative test is given at the end of a course or unit of instruction, and the results are used primarily for assigning grades,
or for certifying pupil mastery of the instructional objectives. The results can be also used, of course, for evaluating the effectiveness of the
instruction.”
5
Therefore, summative test is a kind of test to measure the students’ achievement and the teaching-learning process of the program
for one semester at the end of course. David and Roger have a similar definition with Gronlund which say
“Summative assessments are conducted at the end of an instructional unit or semester to judge the final
quality and quantity of student achievement andor the success of the instructional program”.
6
4
Norman E. Gronlund, Measurement and Evaluation in Teaching, New York: Macmillan Publishing Co., Inc, 1981, p. 124.
5
Ibid, p. 126.
6
David W Johnson and Roger T. Johnson, Meaningful Assessment A Manageable and Cooperative Process, Boston: Allyn and Bacon, 2002, p.7.
