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Technical Guidelines for Evaluating the Management Effectiveness of Aquatic, Coasts and Small Islands Conservation Areas E-KKP3K
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A. Background
Management Effectiveness of Aquatic, Coasts and Small Islands Conservation Areas or E-KKP3K is a method of evaluating the management effectiveness of
aquatic, coasts and small islands conservation areas that indicates the level or degree to which management of a conservation area has had a positive impact on
the area’s biophysical resources and on the socio-economic and cultural aspects of the local community, which contributes to improving management performance.
On this basis, therefore, all management activities carried out, as well as having their own targets, must also have conservation and socio-economic and cultural
targets, the achievement or outcomes of which are a logical consequence of an effective management activity.
E-KKP3K tools can be used to conduct an evaluation of the management effectiveness of conservation areas, including aquatic, coasts and small islands
conservation areas in Indonesia. At the macro level, E-KKP3K tools are used by the Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries to get a spatial view of the overall
management effectiveness of all aquatic conservation areas in Indonesia; while at the micro level, these tools are used to self-evaluate the effectiveness of the
management of a particular aquatic conservation area and to make plans to improve its management performance.
Table 3 – Criteria used for evaluating the management effectiveness of aquatic, coasts and small islands conservation areas at the macro level
LevelStage Criteria
Number of Questions
Red 1
Conservation Area Initiated
1. Initiative proposal
8 2.
Area identification and inventory 3.
Reservation of conservation area
Yellow 2
Conservation Area Established
4. Management organizational unit
and personnel 11
5. Management and zoning plans
6. Facilities and infrastructure to
support management 7.
Management funding support
Green 3
Conservation Area Managed Minimally
8. Approval of management and
zoning plans 21
9. Management standard operating
procedures SOPs 10. Implementation of management
and zoning plans 11. Designation of Aquatic
Conservation Area
Blue 4
Conservation Area Managed Optimally
12. Setting area markers 28
13. Institutionalization 14. Resource management
15. Socio-economic and cultural management
Gold 5
Self-Reliant Conservation Area
16. Improving community welfare 6
17. Sustainable financing
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B. Literature Background to the Development of the Technical Guidelines
Conceptually, the development of these technical guidelines was based on available literature Hockings et al., 2000, 2006; Pomeroy et al., 2004; Staub
Hatziolos, 2004; White et al., 2006; Carter et al., 2010, in which evaluation of management effectiveness is seen as a way of evaluating one or several activities
related to the management cycle of a conservation area, i.e. an overall evaluation of the inputs, processes, outputs, outcomes and impacts. Also, all stages of the
development of these technical guidelines made reference to the Minister of Marine Affairs and Fisheries Regulations Number PER.02MEN2009 concerning the
Procedure for Establishing Aquatic Conservation Areas, Number PER.30MEN2010 concerning Aquatic Conservation Area Management and Zoning Plans, and Number
PER.17MEN2008 concerning Conservation Areas of Coasts and Small Islands. Based on analysis of these regulations, in general the stages of effective management of
conservation areas are: 1 Conservation area is initiated;
2 Conservation area is established; 3 Conservation area is managed minimally;
4 Conservation area is managed optimally; and 5 Conservation area is managed effectively and is fully functional self-reliant
The combination of the above explains why there is little difference in the level of management between the proposed, which reflect more the maturity stage of a
conservation area than an evaluation of the performance of each component in the management cycle, although in principle, the theoretical framework used does refer
to Hockings et al. 2000, 2006. As will become apparent in the succeeding sub- chapters, use of this approach does make it easier to evaluate the progress towards
effective management. Also, this ranking also roughly reflects the chronology of the management cycle. According to Kapos et al. 2008, 2009, management
effectiveness can be equated with the outcomes of management intervention, which means that a conservation area will be deemed not effective as long the processes
undertaken are limited to inputs, processes and outputs. In the management of a conservation area, three interconnected principles must
be considered: the area resources, the local socio-economic and cultural aspects, and the management aspect itself. These principles are shown in Figure 1.
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Technical Guidelines for Evaluating the Management Effectiveness of Aquatic, Coasts and Small Islands Conservation Areas E-KKP3K
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Figure 1 – The basic principles of evaluating the management effectiveness of aquatic, coasts and small islands conservation areas
In their use, E-KKP3K tools adopt the principles as defined above, whereby the area resources and the local socio-economic and cultural aspects are a function of
management. Thus, management initiatives and their effectiveness are a precondition for achieving the outcomes and impacts on the area resources and the
socio-economic and cultural aspects of the local community, which means to be effective, management must be verified by these other two aspects. For example,
enforcing the rules of a conservation area is a management activity, the effectiveness of which is indicated by an improvement in the condition of the area
resources and reduced pressure on these resources as a result of positive support to the management of the area. Furthermore, there should be positive interconnection
and verification between the area resources and socio-economic and cultural aspects as a further indicator of the effectiveness of the management of a conservation area.
C. Legal Basis
