11 supported using some literatures and researches done by many research across
culture and nations.
2.1.1.1 Topic
For most of women, talking is a medium to establish relationship and connection Tannen, 1991, p. 36. Constant conversation, then, becomes one of
the obligation to make sure that relationship is still bounded. If men confess that they rarely speak to their friends, but still have a good relationship with them, it
does not work on women. Women establish and enhance their relationship with their conversation. Sharing about their life and telling details about their daily
activities are essential for female friendship. Therefore, it seems that women are interested in talking about personal life. Personal life can be your secret. Telling
secret is an evidence of friendship for women because when you tell someone your secret, you believe in and feel comfortable with them. For most of men,
world is a place to gain status and compete. Therefore, as Tannnen 1991 explains, men feel comfortable to talk when there is a need to establish and gain
their superiority in the group p.45. Men avoid talking about personal life because it will not uphold their status and superiority in the group. Instead, it
makes them look weaker. As quoted by Arliss 1991, Haas and Sherman had made a research about
gender and conversational topic. The research tabulated the most common conversational topic of 110 men and 166 women of various ages, occupations, and
social economic background. The result is in line with what Tannen 1991 says about gender topic conversational. The research reveals that women frequently
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
12 talk about family, relationship problem, other women, men, and clothing. Arliss
1991 reports that men frequently talk about work, money, and sports p.49. The other research had been done in various place of the world and various subjects
about gender and conversation topic typically had the same findings Petit, 2005; Lee, 2000
However, quoted by Arliss 1991, p.63, Hass and Sherman also note that in the same-sex conversation, relationship between two speakers played an
important role to create situation and topic they talked about. Women who talk to female coworkers will talk about the work and men who talk to the member of
family will talk about personal life and family matter. To this phenomenon, Arliss adds her own idea that the term of work-based topic as conversation topic between
men and women is quite different. Her personal experience shows that the topic of work lead to the personal life problem and home matter discussion rather than
carrier and task to do when they work as men always talked about in the topic of work p. 51.
2.1.1.2 Quantity of Talk
Kategori