2. Mujahideen
The withdrawal of the Soviet Union army was reputed as a victory for Afghanistan. After Soviet Union left Afghanistan, the control of the country
was taken by the Mujahideen. The name of Afghanistan also changed became the Islamic State of Afghanistan. Unfortunately, there was civil war in Kabul
city under the controlled of Mujahideen. The Mujahideen fight each other to get the control of the city. As a result, the fighting among those Mujahideen
itself killing Afghan people and putting the country into a civil war. Jalali and Grau 13 explain “the tactics of mujahideen were not standard, but different
from Valley to Valley and tribe to tribe”. The people in mujahideen were true volunteers’ warrior. They were unpaid and fought in order to protect what
they believed, their community and their nation. Meredith 134 mentions, under the control of Ahmed Shah Masood, the Mujahideen were heavily
armed, well trained and got the full support from United States and Pakistan. “Ahmed Shah Masood was a legendary military commander in Afghanistan
who lived not only to fight the Soviets but also to fight against the Taliban” 134.
During the Soviet invasion, many of Afghan fled the country as refugees. After the Soviet withdrawal, the refugees came back to the country. Meredith
141 mentions at that time, Kabul still full of lawlessness, poverty and destruction all over the city. Because the situation in the city was not stable,
many people had been killed. Women got attacked and raped, even occurred in daylight. Many young Afghan around 16 years old often got kidnapped and
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raped by the Mujahideen forces. The girl also being taken in the night and then the Mujahideen gangs stripped, raped and beaten them. The Mujahideen
rebels needed food and amount of money, so Mujahideen set up some checkpoints along the roadways then impose the travellers to pay. If the
travellers did not have enough money to through all the checkpoints, they would be beaten and killed. In the first year of Mujahideen rule, many
civilians were killed and wounded. By 1994, more than 10.000 people had been killed in Kabul.
According to M. Hasan Kakar 228, the fighting inside of the Mujahideen gave a big destruction to the country, especially Kabul. In many cases, the
fighting began when one group of men incited the men of another. The men were looting property, raping women and kidnapping persons for money. Up
to 70 percent of the buildings in Kabul were destroyed. Under the Mujahidden controlled, the country became the Islamic State of Afghanistan.
At first Sibgatullah was the leader of the country for short time, after that Burhanuddin Rabbani replaced him. The country began to adopt Islamic law
or it called Shari’a. Cinemas were closed, alcoholic drinks were banned and all officials and workers should pray at fixed time. All the women also had to
use veil again, women could not work in the office and all schools for girls were closed.
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3. Taliban
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