In the novel, Khaled Hosseini tells about the story of two women who struggle to face the abusement from their husband and the life difficulty. This study intends
to discover the effects of regimes on Afghan women through the characters Mariam and Laila.
B. Problem Formulation
Based on the background stated above, there is one important thing that is discussed in this study.
What are the effects of Soviet Union, Mujahideen, and Taliban regime in Afghanistan on the life of Afghan Women as seen through the characters of
Mariam and Laila in Khaled Hosseini’s A Thousand Splendid Suns?
C. Objectives of the Study
The objective of the study is to discuss the effects of regimes on the life of Afghan women during the three regimes as reflected in the novel. A Thousand
Splendid Suns discusses the Soviet Union Regime, Mujahideen Regime and Taliban Regime. The effects of regimes for Afghanistan women can be seen
through the life of the characters in the novel. Mariam and Laila represent the characters of women in this novel. Both characters that will be discussed
experience the effects of the regimes in Afghanistan.
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D. Benefits of the Study
There are two benefits of this study. First, this study can give more information about Khaled Hosseini’s work. This study is expected to give the
reader an understanding about war and historical work as reflected in the novel. Second, this study shares knowledge related to the history of Afghanistan during
the war. Hopefully, this study can give a better understanding for the students in learning the history of Afghanistan.
E. Definition of terms
1. Regime
The New Oxford American Dictionary states that “regime is a system or planned way of doing things, especially one imposed from above”.
Meanwhile in the book of Dictionary of sociology and Related Sciences states that regimentation means “organization of people through doctrinaire
teaching and discipline, perhaps for the conscious purpose of developing uniformity in behavior and stereotyped sterility in thought”.
The changes of regime also happen in Afghanistan. There were three regimes invading Afghanistan. Those three regimes were Soviet Union,
Mujahideen, and Taliban. Each regime had their rules, doctrine, discipline, and law. The regimes also gave different effects on the life of Afghanistan
people.
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2. War
According to Henry Pratt Fairchild in his book Dictionary of sociology and Related Sciences, war is “armed extensive conflict between organized
bodies of people, regarding themselves as politically sovereign and ethically entitled to assert by force their rights, which they claim to be blocked or
invaded by their armed opponents” 336. This study discusses the wars which occurred in Afghanistan. The first
war happened when Soviet Union invaded Afghanistan. After Soviet Union surrendered then Mujahideen came and the war between societies occurred.
The war became worse when Taliban took over the country. So, this study discusses the effects of war that happened in Afghanistan.
3. Mujahideen
Mujahideen is Muslim guerilla warriors engaged in a jihad. Some people usually call them as holy warriors. On April 1992, Mujahideen came to Kabul
after Soviet Union surrendered. 4.
Taliban A movement conducted by Sunni extremists which controlled Afghanistan
from 1996-2001. Taliban were a guerrilla force made up of young Pashtun men whose families had fled to Pakistan during the war against the soviets.
The Leader named Mullah Omar ‘Leader of the faithful’. Taliban ruled the country and set some strict rules for the people.
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CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
