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author’s life, idea and personality are considered to be important elements in studying literary work. Third is the socialcultural – historical approach. This
approach asserts the socialcultural – historical back ground in which the literary work is created influences that literary object. Fourth is the mythopoeic approach.
When the major interest of critic is the mythopoeic approach, he or she attempts to find particular recurrent patterns of human thought, which are considered sharing
the same universal belief to certain community mind. The patterns, generally, involve death and rebirth, guilt and sacrifices, primitive rites, or patterns of
behavior basic to Christian theology. The last is the psychological approach. When the analyst employs this approach he or she insists that each character’s
behavior could be referred to the psychology of human being. So the characters’ thought and behavior can be traced more profoundly by using this approach. To
analyze the novel, the reader response approach is also used. It is used to know the reader’s response and opinion on this novel.
3. Marriage
Marriage is the most significant decision most people make in their lives. When one chooses a spouse partner, one chooses a companion for life whom he
can count on, he can trust, he can love and give himself to, someone who will care for him no matter what, and someone whom he can make happy.
Standford says that marriage is one of human life phases that should be passed 169. Most people believe that marriage is one of the ways to make them
more mature. Furthermore, Standford insists that marriage is a kind of relationship
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of human beings. Marriage is a vital relationship to human beings for the growth and development.
Furthermore, Whitehead states that marriage for a lifetime is constituted by the interaction of the couple’s relationship, the couple’s commitment and
lifestyle. It means that marriage for a lifetime demands both stability and responsibility. The mutual love is the core of a marriage, but in a marriage the
relationship is more than just their love here and now. It is the commitments that they have made to one another that ground their love. These commitments give
them the courage to undertake the risks of creative and procreative activity together. It is these commitments that are expressed in the choices, behavior and
attitudes that make up the patterns of the couple’s life style Whitehead, 32.
4. Divorce
According to Kuper 193 divorce is the legal procedure by which marriage can be formally ended. The process of divorce is based on the law and
rules that are applied in the state the couple lives. Kupper 193 states, many factors in a family can cause a separation.
There are four factors that can lead a marriage into divorce. First is diversity on social class. Some people believe that marriage among the working classes is
better adjusted, happier, and less prone to divorce among the middle and upper classes. This belief appears to be unfounded. Poverty can be a definite handicap to
successful marital interaction, although the relationship may be an involved one. Second is education. Individuals who complete higher education may have
a stronger motivation to make a success of their marriages. Third is personal
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background. The personality which each spouse brings to marriage is, as we have indicated, a basic consideration in the success of the marital relationship. Fourth is
age at marriage. Age at marriage is another factor in divorce. People who get married at a very young age have a pronounced instability of marriage and a high
rate of divorce. This is especially true of women who marry before the age of 18. Those are common factors that appear in marriage and if the couple cannot find
the problem solving, their marriage will end up with divorce. Divorce, nowadays, is not only initiated by men but over the last twenty
years women have begun to take more initiative in ending intolerable marriages Young, 7. Young also states, changing role concepts in marriage, altered
religious, social and cultural attitudes, and financial independence increasingly have put men and women on an equal footing when it comes to resolving a bad
marriage 8. In conclusion divorce can happen to many people. Divorce does not only
happen in poor families or uneducated people but also happen in rich families and educated people. Divorce can give bad effect to children, if they have any, since
children in the process of growing up and learning it is necessary for them to have their both parents figure. Loosing one of the figures can ruin their self esteem.
Therefore, divorce can be avoided if each spouse can control their self- centeredness.
5. Parents’ Role
