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CHAPTER V CONCLUSIONS, IMPLICATIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS
There are three sections which are provided here. The first section is conclusions which explain the conclusions of this research. The second is
implications which explain the implications of this research to English teaching and learning. The last section is recommendations.
A. Conclusions
Based on what have been stated on the research questions and discussion, there are some things which can be drawn as a conclusion. The first one is about
the types of code switching used by Keara in the novel. The second one is about the speech functions of using code switching performed by Keara.
According to the theory from Poplack 1980 about the types of code switching, there are three types which are tag switching, intra-sentential, and
inter-sentential code switching. Those three types are found in the novel. However, the data findings and discussions found that the most frequently used
type by Keara is intra-sentential code switching. The findings also stated that tag switching is the least frequently used by Keara. Even though intra-sentential code
switching is said to be the most difficult one, but here, Keara used it the most. On the other hand, tag switching which is said to be the easiest one, became the least
used by Keara. It indicated that Keara has high understanding of both Indonesian and English.
As for the speech functions of using code switching, there are six functions if we follow the theory from Appel and Muysken 1987. However, not all of the
six functions are performed by Keara. She only used five functions, with the exception of directive function. Therefore, the most frequent function which is
used by Keara is the metalinguistic function. Keara did not use the directive function as she did not aim to include or exclude someone or the participant of the
conversation. She was the type of person who talked only to someone she wanted to talk to. Therefore, she did not use the directive function.
The metalinguistic function is mostly used by Keara because she was the type of show off person. She had spent her childhood and education life abroad.
She also worked in an international bank which allowed her to communicate with foreign people quite often. Moreover, she had some close friends who shared the
same background, socio-ecomonic, and ethnic. Even so, she was the one who used code switching most of the time.
There are two more speech functions which are used more frequently than others. They are expressive and phatic functions. Phatic functions used by Keara
when she wanted to emphasize her words. It has been mostly done when she said something important. Expressive functions used as she wanted to express her
feelling, wheather it was sad, joy, or angry. She was the type of person who showed her feeling easily. Moreover, this novel mostly talked about Keara’s
feeling. There are also some code switching performed by Keara which have more
than one function. For instance, a single word which brings two functions such as PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
Expressive and Phatic Functions. It explains that two speech functions of code switching can be used in a single word. It also explains that the speech functions
of code switching do not always indicate the lack of vocabulary. It is the evidence that code switching is the result of human’s creativity.
B. Implications
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