the words ‘ringtone’ and ‘assign’. The Indonesian words for ‘ringtone’ and ‘assign’ are ‘nada dering’ and ‘terapkan’ or ‘pasang’.
f. The Poetic Function
The p oetic function has similar meaning with quoting somebody else’s
words. It is when people code switch in order to tell jokes or stories in the exact way as its origin. Some refers to entertain reasons, and some aims to deliver the
real meaning. It is because sometimes, delivering something in its origin words has stronger effect than translating it to other languages.
There are some poetic functions used by Keara in the novel. The following monologue is one of them.
Jiddhu Krishnamurti pernah bilang:
“When you love, there is neither the ‘you’ nor the ‘me’. In that state there is only flame without smoke.”
Monologue, p. 82-83
In the monologue above, Keara used code switching to quote what was said by Jiddhu Krishnamurti, a philosopher, speaker, and writer. When quoting what
Jiddu has said, Keara was in a bar, broken hearted. She felt sad and desperate on why she loved Ruly deeply. On the other hand, Ruly did not even notice her and
her feeling. Keara quoted Jiddhu’s because she found out that her mind and her heart were separated, they had different needs. The mind wanted the heart to stop
loving Ruly, but the heart did not want to stop, even though it was hurt. Therefore, she quoted Jiddhu’s words, in the origin language, which is is English, without
translating or paraphrasing it. It is to show the words originally, so it can deliver the real meaning. Here is another example of using code switching as poetic
function. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
Bahkan kata-kata sederhana Dr. Seuss yang biasanya mampu
menamparku
– “You have brains in your head, you have feet in your
shoes, you can steer yourself in any direction you choose” –
tidak cukup kuat untuk menghilangkan signifikansi peristiwa tadi pagi.
Monologue, p. 118
When quoting Dr. Seuss’s words, Keara was in a book store, trying to forget on what happened that morning. Since she was back from Singapore and
accidently met Panji, Din da’s brother-in-low, she tried to use Panji to forget Ruly.
It was almost working, until that morning. Keara was told by her boss to go on a meeting. The aim of the meeting was to make a corporate plan, and therefore,
Keara was forced to be in the same team, worked with Ruly for six months, full time.
The relation of that morning event with the quotes from Dr. Seuss is that Keara felt that she was stupid. “You have brains in your head, you have feet in
your shoes, you can steer yourself in any direction you choose” – Keara knew it exactly, but still she could not control herself to keep falling for Ruly. The reason
of quoting Dr. Seuss’ words was because he was Keara’s favorite philosopher. He was an American writer, cartoonist, animator, book publisher, and well known for
writing children’s story books. Besides, those were Keara’s favorite words from Dr. Seuss. It is reflected when she said, “
Bahkan kata-kata sederhana
Dr. Seuss yang biasanya mampu menamparku…” – even the simple words from Dr. Seuss
that usually awake her cannot make it anymore. The next example is when Keara tried to define the journey of loving Ruly.
It was in the night when Keara and Ruly were attending dining hall cruise ship. Keara never liked to be in a ship or boat except when she has her Dramamine with
her. She has motion sickness in water. At that time, Ruly was the one who found a medicine for her and his action ended up in remaining Keara to his action four
years ago, when he helped a drunken Keara, as shown in the monologue bellow.
Karena kebaikan hatimu malam ini hanya mengingatkanku kembali pada satu fakta yang telah kucoba kubur dalam-dalam: bahwa apa yang ada
diantara kita mungkin takkan pernah bisa seperti yang ditulis Shakespeare
, “Journey ends in lovers meeting.”
Monologue, p. 199
The reason of borrowing Shakespeare words was that it reflected Keara’s feeling. Shakespeare said that a journey will end when two people who love each other
meet. However, Keara said that it will not happen to her and Ruly. It was because the one who was in love was only Keara. Ruly was in love with Denise.
Therefore, their journey would never end even though they met each other. g.
The Combination of Expressive and Phatic Functions
This category was a proof that code switching is a result of human creativity. In this novel, there are some expressions or words which represented
both of expr essive and phatic functions. This function expressed both of Keara’s
feeling and her needs to emphasize it. The example of using expressive and phatic functions at the same time is followed on the dialogue bellow.
Keara:
Buat gue, foto itu magis, Rul. Dia nggak perlu bicara, nggak perlu
bermusik, nggak perlu bergerak, bahkan nggak perlu berwarna,
just a piece of silent photograph, but it speaks to me.
Kayak elo tiba-tiba ditarik sama lubang hitam, masuk ke peristiwa itu, berada
di tengah-tangah mereka, dan ikut merasakan ketakutan mereka.
I just love how a simple picture could tell a long complicated story.
Dialogue, p. 46-47
The dialogue took place when Keara and Ruly were in Kopi Tiam Oey. It was their first dinner together with just the two of them. Keara was telling about her
passion and love in photography. Here, she used two speech functions of code switching, which were expressive and phatic functions.
On the dialogue above, Keara said, “…just a piece of silent photograph, but it speaks to me.” When she said those words, she expressed her love and
passion toward photography and she also emphasized it. It can be seen when she said ‘silent photograph’ but then she said ‘it speaks’. Here, she said in irony that
even though it is a silent photograph but it speaks to her. Moreover, she also used personification. Photograph is unanimate. Therefore, it cannot speak. From those
words, we can conclude that she used code switching to emphasize her love toward photography. She delivered and expressed her passion and still she
emphasized it, to make sure that Ruly could also sense Keara’s feeling on photography.
Another example is drawn in the monologue bellow. It was when Keara was forced to come to Dinda’s house and listen to Dinda’s jealousy when her
husband preferred to watch a TV show than her.
Aku lupa waktu itu si monyet ini harus ke perpustakaan karena apa, disuruh sama profesornya nyari buku apa gitu, tapi
being the library virgin that she was
dan satu dari sedikit orang bertampang
Indonesia
yang berkeliaran di
NYU,
kelihatan banget dong celingak-celinguk nggak jelas di situ, sampai Panca muncul dan membantu dia.
Monologue, p. 95-96
Here, Keara talked about how Dinda met her husband, Panca. They both met for
the first time in library. Keara said that, “…being the library virgin that she was
…” to describe how Dinda was when in the collage. Keara expressed her feeling in which she felt that Dinda was funny for had not been being in the library
before. She also stressed her funny feeling toward Dinda by using code switching to tell about it.
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CHAPTER V CONCLUSIONS, IMPLICATIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS
There are three sections which are provided here. The first section is conclusions which explain the conclusions of this research. The second is
implications which explain the implications of this research to English teaching and learning. The last section is recommendations.
A. Conclusions
Based on what have been stated on the research questions and discussion, there are some things which can be drawn as a conclusion. The first one is about
the types of code switching used by Keara in the novel. The second one is about the speech functions of using code switching performed by Keara.
According to the theory from Poplack 1980 about the types of code switching, there are three types which are tag switching, intra-sentential, and
inter-sentential code switching. Those three types are found in the novel. However, the data findings and discussions found that the most frequently used
type by Keara is intra-sentential code switching. The findings also stated that tag switching is the least frequently used by Keara. Even though intra-sentential code
switching is said to be the most difficult one, but here, Keara used it the most. On the other hand, tag switching which is said to be the easiest one, became the least
used by Keara. It indicated that Keara has high understanding of both Indonesian and English.
