The Types of Code Switching Used by Keara in The Speech Functions of Code Switching Used by Keara in

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CHAPTER IV RESEARCH FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION

This chapter provides the research findings and the discussion. The first section discusses about the research findings on the types and speech functions of code switching. The second section deals with the discussion of the types and speech functions of code switching.

A. Research Findings

1. The Types of Code Switching Used by Keara in

Antologi Rasa This part aims to present the findings on the types of code switching used by Keara. It is to answer the first research question as stated in Chapter I. In analyzing the types of code switching, this research i s using Poplack’s theory 1980. According to her, there are three types of code switching: tag switching, inter-sentential, and intra-sentential code switching. Based on the theory, the researcher had made a list of the data findings. The findings showed that there are 726 code switching used by Keara. Therefore, the result showed that the most frequent type used in the novel is intra-sentential code switching, while the least used is tag switching. The complete data of the findings is presented in the table below. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI Table 4.1. The Data Findings of the Types of Code Switching Types of Code Switching Quantity Percentage Tag Switching 53 7.3 Inter-sentential Code Switching IntCS 246 33.8 Intra-sentential Code Switching ItrCS 428 58.95 Total 726 100 As seen on the table above, the most frequent type used by Keara is intra- sentential switching. It is because Keara used code switching mostly in the form of words or phrases within a single sentence. Even though intra-sentential switching is said to be the most difficult, however Keara showed that she could use intra-sentential switching well enough without violating the grammar rules. It is also a proof that she has good understanding in both languages, English and Indonesian.

2. The Speech Functions of Code Switching Used by Keara in

Antologi Rasa This part presents the findings on the speech functions of using code switching by Keara. As stated in Chapter I, this research uses Appel and Muysken’s theory 1987 in order to classify the speech functions of code switching. There are six speech functions: the referential function, directive, expressive, phatic, metalinguistic, and poetic functions. The result showed that there are 41 referential functions, 0 directive function, 197 expressive functions, 146 phatic functions, 271 metalinguistic functions, 34 poetic functions, and 37 combinations of expressive and phatic functions. In order to make it clearer, the findings of the speech functions are presented in the following table. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI Table 4.2. The Data Findings of the Speech Functions of Code Switching Used by Keara Speech Functions of Code Switching Quantity Precentage Referential functions 41 6 Directive functions Expressive functions 197 27 Phatic functions 146 20 Metalinguistic functions 271 37.4 Poetic functions 34 4.6 Combination of Expressive and Phatic functions 37 5 Total 726 100 From the data findings above, it can be seen that the most frequent speech function of code switching used by Keara is metalinguistic function. Therefore, the least frequently used speech function of code switching used by Keara is the poetic function. Here, Keara did not use the directive function. As the explanation on the previous chapter, one of the goals of using the directive function is to exclude some people from the part of a conversation. Keara was the type of person who spoke only to people she liked. She did not talk with stranger or else. She was also a woman who talked about everything she liked.

B. Research Discussion