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CHAPTER IV RESEARCH FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION
This chapter provides the research findings and the discussion. The first section discusses about the research findings on the types and speech functions of
code switching. The second section deals with the discussion of the types and speech functions of code switching.
A. Research Findings
1. The Types of Code Switching Used by Keara in
Antologi Rasa
This part aims to present the findings on the types of code switching used by Keara. It is to answer the first research question as stated in Chapter I. In
analyzing the types of code switching, this research i s using Poplack’s theory
1980. According to her, there are three types of code switching: tag switching, inter-sentential, and intra-sentential code switching. Based on the theory, the
researcher had made a list of the data findings. The findings showed that there are 726 code switching used by Keara. Therefore, the result showed that the most
frequent type used in the novel is intra-sentential code switching, while the least used is tag switching. The complete data of the findings is presented in the table
below. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
Table 4.1. The Data Findings of the Types of Code Switching
Types of Code Switching Quantity
Percentage
Tag Switching 53
7.3 Inter-sentential Code Switching IntCS
246 33.8
Intra-sentential Code Switching ItrCS 428
58.95
Total 726
100
As seen on the table above, the most frequent type used by Keara is intra- sentential switching. It is because Keara used code switching mostly in the form
of words or phrases within a single sentence. Even though intra-sentential switching is said to be the most difficult, however Keara showed that she could
use intra-sentential switching well enough without violating the grammar rules. It is also a proof that she has good understanding in both languages, English and
Indonesian.
2. The Speech Functions of Code Switching Used by Keara in
Antologi Rasa
This part presents the findings on the speech functions of using code switching by Keara. As stated in Chapter I, this research uses Appel and
Muysken’s theory 1987 in order to classify the speech functions of code switching. There are six speech functions: the referential function, directive,
expressive, phatic, metalinguistic, and poetic functions. The result showed that there are 41 referential functions, 0 directive function, 197 expressive functions,
146 phatic functions, 271 metalinguistic functions, 34 poetic functions, and 37 combinations of expressive and phatic functions. In order to make it clearer, the
findings of the speech functions are presented in the following table. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
Table 4.2. The Data Findings of the Speech Functions of Code Switching Used by Keara
Speech Functions of Code Switching Quantity
Precentage
Referential functions 41
6 Directive functions
Expressive functions 197
27 Phatic functions
146 20
Metalinguistic functions 271
37.4 Poetic functions
34 4.6
Combination of Expressive and Phatic functions
37 5
Total 726
100
From the data findings above, it can be seen that the most frequent speech function of code switching used by Keara is metalinguistic function. Therefore,
the least frequently used speech function of code switching used by Keara is the poetic function. Here, Keara did not use the directive function. As the explanation
on the previous chapter, one of the goals of using the directive function is to exclude some people from the part of a conversation. Keara was the type of
person who spoke only to people she liked. She did not talk with stranger or else. She was also a woman who talked about everything she liked.
B. Research Discussion