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3.4 Instruments and Data Gathering Techniques
Since this study used a mixed method approach, the researcher used two instruments. These two instruments were used to collect the data to answer the
research problems of the study, i.e., questionnaire and interview. Here, the researcher will give some explanations about both instruments that were used:
3.4.1 Questionnaire
The first instrument was questionnaire. Wilson and McLean 1994 as cited in Ary, Donald, and Sorensen, 2010 define questionnaire as a widely used
and useful instrument for collecting survey information, providing structured, often numerical data, being able to be administered without the presence of the
researcher, and often being comparatively straightforward to analyze p. 377. The aim of giving the questionnaire was to gather some information from the students
about the Ignatian Pedagogy implementation. This questionnaire was meant to answer the second research problem of the study. The questionnaire consisted of
two parts and 22 items of statements. The first part consisted of 20 close-ended statements. In the second part, there were two questions in a form of open-ended
questions.
3.4.2 Interview
The second instrument that was used in this study was the interview. Based on Cohen, Manion and Morrison 2003, there are three purposes of
interview in a study. The first one, it is used as the principal means of gathering information having direct bearing on the research objectives. The second purpose
is to be used to test hypotheses or to suggest a new hypothesis. The last purpose of
27 the interview is that it can support the other methods which are used in a study. In
this study, the purpose of the interview was to have the additional information after distributing the questionnaire. The type of interview that was used was
interview guide approach. According to Ary, Donald, and Sorensen 2010, this type of interview covers the topic or issues in advance. Furthermore, the interview
with the lecturer aims to answer the first research problem. In the interview, the researcher provided several questions about her way in implementing the Ignatian
Pedagogy.
3.5 Data Analyzing Techniques
After gathering the data, the researcher needed to analyze them. The first thing to do was analyzing the questionnaire. The researcher decided to use a
questionnaire which let the students choose their opinion of some statements based on the degree of agreement. Cohen et al. 2007 define that scale contains
degree of agreement which is set to gain the expressions of opinion, interest, or value, problems to react to, or statements to agree or disagree by the Likert scale.
The students needed to choose whether they were strongly agree, agree, disagree, strongly disagree or even undecided of those statements.
Table 3.1 Example of the Questionnaire
SD: Strongly Disagree; D: Disagree; U: Undecided; A: Agree; SA: Strongly Agree
No Statements
SD D
U A
SA 1
The lecturer
introduced you
Ignatian Pedagogy
or 3C
Competence, Conscience,
and Compassion
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