Definition of Term INTRODUCTION

10 colonizers who have an authority take control the political power around the land that black people settle. They exploit the otherness as a weakness. They treat them cruelly and pretend them as nonhuman. Samira Spatzek in her Black Study Paper entitled “Own Yourself, Woman”: Toni Morrison’s A Mercy, Early Modernity, and Property. Spatzek’s study uses John Locke’s “Two Treaties of Government”. She reveals in black study related to the Western subjectivity. Depending on historical time, with early modern conceptions that is allocated to the characters of A Mercy, Samira Spatzek says, “Jacob Vaark enters A Mercy as a setter with high moral commitments. The way in which his arrival at the coast of colonial Virginia is narrated is reminiscent of numerous accounts published by seventeenth-century European explorers of the New World” http:elib.suub.uni-bremen.deedocs, September 9, 2015. Morrison creates Jacob Vaark in her novel which has high responsibility and humanity. He sees slave as a human being rather than a property. Jacob Vaark comes from England and arrives in Virginia, making the settlement and employing people in America. In this case, Morrison reminds the readers of Jacob Vaark who comes to America around 17 th century, the time when European countries come to the New World in America. The next study is MM. Rahayu Ambarastuti a graduate student from Sanata Dharma University, entitled “Toni Morrison’s A Mercy: The Black Woman Sla ve’s Struggle to Gain Freedom in America in the 1600s”. In her thesis, she wants to emphasize how Florens’s abilities can motivate herself to achieve her freedom. In her analysis she says, “Florens doesn’t want to let the blacksmith feel 11 right about his judgments, and that is why she fights back. She shows her ability to control her emotions, problems, and stay focused on her purpose”. It means that by using their own abilities to struggle, Florens struggles for equality and better treatments toward their race. In this case, she uses her own capabilities and cleverness to show that she can gain the freedom. The other study is Victoria Sulistyaningrum a graduate student from Sanata Dharma University, entitled “Toni Morrison’s A Mercy: The Black Women’s Reactions toward The White’s Treatments in The 17 th Century ”. In her thesis, she analyses about the reactions of a black female slave under white society around 17 th century in America. In her thesis she concludes that “Florens faces some danger, she is able to read the situation and reaction that she should take. She uses her knowledge to survive”. As an African female slave, Florens actually wants to get her equal rights as human beings. Even though white people have given bad treatment to many slaves, they try to fight against them with their ability that they have. In Sulistyaningrum’s thesis, Florens as an inferior uses her abilities and her cleverness to solve the problem in order to be an independent woman. Several reviews, thesis, and essays talk about Toni Morrison’s novel A Mercy with many different ideas to be analyzed. Her novel is very vivid because of the historical background that makes it real. Several aspects such racial discrimination, slavery, colonialism and humanitarian aspects are exist in this novel. That is way several people make review, essay, paper and thesis that used this novel as their main study. Meanwhile, the writer also uses this novel in order 12 to analyse an African female slave ’s characteristics. The writer also describes the specific point about Florens’s bad experiences as an oppressed girl under control of her white master. Primarily, the writer analyses the moral values revealed through Florens’s bad experiences from the novel A Mercy which is different from the other reviewers.

B. Review of Related Theories

The author creates the novel with some elements. Fundamentally, a character is based on the story or novel that conveys such personalities or characterization. Therefore, there are several theories including the theory character, the theory characterization, theory of moral value and literature message and moral values to support the analysis. Moreover, it is to understand and to answer the problem formulation with some theories conduct with analysis.

1. Theory of Character and Characterization

a. Definition of Character Abrams explains that Character is the name of a literary genre, it is a short and usually witty. The characters are the persons presented in a dramatic or narrative work, who are interpreted by the reader as being endowed with moral, dispositional, and emotional qualities that are expressed in what they say, the dialogue and by what they do the action 1981: 23. Meaning to say that character is represented a person who is revealed by name in such literary works. The quality of moral, desire and temperament of the ground of the character are described by their action and speech. Therefore, by the appearance, look, gesture, walk, and dress, we can see how the perspectives of their personalities are.