However, after Pakistani Taliban got society’s trust, they created rules that
were extremely harsh and discriminatory toward women Akhtar, 2008: 60. One of the examples was the rules on ideal Muslim women. According to Zoya as
cited by Juan R. I. Cole in The Taliban, Women, and the Hegelian Private Sphere, women were banned from appearing on the balconies of their houses. They should
not go outside only if they are accompanied by a mahram all the time. They were banned from working. They should not go to school. They are not allowed to
laugh or speak loudly because it risked sexually exciting males. Women who failed to respect the rules will be beaten, whipped, or stone to death Cole, 2003:
797. Not to mention, this report was added by Latifa if women under Pakistani Taliban should wear burqa Cole, 2003: 799. Besides imposing the strict rules,
they also attacked and killed the member of security office, civil society members, the local leaders, the elected representatives of district government, and destroyed
government buildings, like schools and hospitals Elahi, 2015: 226. Later on in the analysis, the writer will use the term “Taliban” instead of “Pakistani Taliban”.
D. Theoretical Framework
There are four theories that are provided to analyze the topic. They are
theory of setting, patriarchy, radical feminism, and resistance.
First, the theory of setting used is based on M.H. Abrams 1993 which gives three types of setting, like setting of place, time, and social circumstances.
This theory is useful to see that setting can shape character’s way of thinking and
action. Second, the theory of patriarchy used is based on Maggie Humm 1992
and Jane and Imelda 2004 to shows that patriarchy is a system of male oppression. This theory is
useful to see that Taliban’s rules on ideal Muslim women are reflecting the patriarchal mindset to oppress women in society.
Third, the theory of radical feminism used is based on Maggie Humm 2012 and Rosemarie Tong 2009 which shows that women oppression is caused
by patriarchy. Thus radical feminist wants to destroy all forms of oppression by destroying the patriarchy itself. This theory is
useful to justify Malala’s action in breakin
g Taliban’s rules on ideal Muslim women. Fourth, the theory of resistance used is based on Stellan Vinthagen 2007 which gives two forms of resistance,
nonviolent and constructive resistance. This theory is useful to analyze on why and how the main charac
ter resists against Taliban’s oppressions. The historical background of Pashtunwali, Swat and Taliban in Pakistan
help the writer to compare the social condition before and after the establishment
of Taliban’s regime. In the end, it is useful for the writer to relate the setting and
resistance of the main character in the autobiography.
