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CHAPTER II THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
A. Literature Review
1.
Young Learner
According to Phillips, The Young Learner means the first year children of formal schooling five or six years old to eleven or twelve years of age.
1
Another thought about who young learners are comes from Caroline stated that young learners are children between ages of 5-12.
2
However, the children ’s
ages do not define how mature they are. There could be some aspects of life that influence children maturity, such as their culture, environment city or rural, sex,
expectation of friends and parents.
3
In educational world, it is well known that young learners are capable to learn everything gradually and continually. Piaget’s theory said that the knowledge that
is produced from children is not from imitating activity process or in-born, but children actively construct it.
4
Therefore the educational modern program puts a concern to the young learners especially in the primary school.
As people cannot predict how mature the students in classroom by their ages, whatever the type of activities and approach a teacher decides to use in classroom
will be all influenced by teacher’s knowledge of students’ attitudes, circumstances, and interests.
Besi des students’ maturity, teachers also need to concern on their basic
physical and psychological needs. Therefore, the care necessary and appropriate instruction to meet these needs should be provided by teacher so that young
1
Sarah Phillips, Young Learners: Resource Book for Teachers, New York: Oxford University Press, 1993, p. 3
2
Caroline T. Linse, Practical English Language Teaching: Young Learners, New York: McGraw-Hill, 2006 p. 2
3
Phillips, loc.cit
4
Lynne Cameron, Teaching Language to Young learners, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005. P.3
learners can thrive and focus on learning.
5
In other words, both providing care and instruction
are teachers’ jobs. On the other side, young learners have both advantages and disadvantages
because of their respond to language according to what it does and what they can do with it, rather than treating it as an abstract system. Thus, young learners will
seem more familiar to the concrete aspects rather than the abstract ones. It can be concluded that young learners have the moment when their ages are
very promising in learning, because they acquire knowledge easily but still with limited materials based on their level of learning. Hence, it is important to know
techniques in teaching language the more vocabulary aspect.
2. Vocabulary
a. Definition of Vocabulary
It is well known that vocabulary is the basic element of language, Harmer stated that the vocabulary holds the important role as provider of organs and
flesh while language structures make up the skeleton of language.
6
Vocabulary is the basic component of language, vocabulary itself can be defined as the total number of words that make up a language.
7
It is also a language component that consists of information about meaning and words use in language.
8
Caroline said that vocabulary is words that language consists of. It is words collection that is known by individual.
9
In short vocabulary is a language component which is words that hold up a language which make up language user competent in every single skill of
target language. It is one of important aspects of language that cannot be neglected in learning language.
5
T. Linse, op. cit., p. 2
6
Jeremy Harmer, The Practice of English Language Teaching, New York: Longman Publishing, 1991, p. 153
7
A.S Hornby, Oxford advanced Learner’s Dictionary Oxford University Press, 1985, P.956
8
Harimukti Kridalaksana, Kamus Linguistik, Edisi Ketiga Jakarta:PT Gramedia Pustaka Utama, 1993, P. 127
9
T. Linse. loc. cit., p.121
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