17 have the capacity of mastering the languages used in the community,
they have to be able to set a condition and situation so they can communicate effectively.
2.2.3 Speech Community
Speech community is a group of people in a wide or narrow scope that interact with specific language that can be distinguished from another
speech community group on the basis of significant language differences. As Gumperz said:
Any human aggregate characterized by regular and frequent interaction with a shared body of verbal
signs and set off from similar aggregates by significant differences in language usage. 1971:114
Unlike Gumperz, Fishman 1976:28 asserts that the speech community is a community whose members know at least one variation of the
language along with the proper norms to use. While Hartman and Stork 1972:215 state that the speech community is a group of people at the
same place, speak the same language variety, or the same standard language. Speech community is a group of people use the spesific of
language and shares a spesific rules for interpreting speech. Speech community is the feeling among the speakers that they use the same
language. From the statements above, basically the speech community is
formed due to mutual understanding mutual intelligibility, because of
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18 the unity of the linguistic code in detail in its aspects, the sound system,
syntax and semantics.
2.2.4 Code
In communication, people usually choose different codes for different topic or situations. They may choose a certain code and a variety of
languages to make communication run smoothly. A code is a system that is used by people to communicate with each other. When people
want to talk each other, they choose a particular code to express their feelings according to the situation and the purpose. According to
Stockwell 2002:8-9 a code is a symbol of nationalism used by people to communicate in a particular language, or dialect, or register, or
accent, or style on different occasions and for different purposes. Wardhaugh 1986:102 defined code as the particular dialect or
language one chooses to use on any occasion, and a system for communication between two or more parties. While Poedjosoedarmo
1978: 4 said that a code is a system of speech whose elements of language has special characteristics, and it is proper to the background
of the speaker, the relation of the speaker to discuss and the situation. From many definitions above, we can conclude that a code is a
form of language variation that is used by people to communicate with each other according to the topic, situation, background of the speaker,
and the purpose of communication.
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2.2.5 Code-Switching
