58 the MSL values for the furnishing component increased in the project site while those on the modern house and
furnishings component increased slightly in the control sites. Other differences in the scores between the two time periods are not statistically significant.
Table 55 compares MSL scores across the project and control sites during the evaluation
period 2002. As can be seen in table 55, none of the differences between the project and control
villages at the time of final evaluation are statistically significant.
As a next step in the analysis we examine factors related to MSL within Talise and
the control villages. First we examine correlations between the
independent variables discussed above and MSL component scores
during the post-evaluation table 56. None of the independent
variables are statistically significantly correlated with either
the modern house or the furniture components. Focusing only on
statistically significant relationships p0.05 we find that education is
positively and degree of dependence on fishing negatively correlated with the appliances component. Years of formal education are also
positively correlated with the permanent structure component.
Turning to relationships between the independent variables, including project participation and knowledge, and MSL component scores within Talise table 57, we find that household size is positively and
MPA knowledge is negatively related to the modern house component. Years of formal education and the project knowledge index are
positively correlated with the appliances component. Three
project related variables, the project participation,
knowledge and MPA knowledge indices, are
positively correlated with the permanent structure
component score. Finally, household size is positively
and degree dependence on farming is negatively related
to the furniture component score.
4.3 Changes in Resource Beliefs
4.3.1 Resource Beliefs Scale
As one means of obtaining information concerning community member’s perceptions of the coastal resources and potential human impacts on these resources, household members from the 10 project sites and
control sites N = 2158 were requested to provide a statement concerning the degree of their agreement or disagreement with nine statements. These questions were posed at the baseline 199798, monitoring 2000
Table 55. Mean MSL component scores for project Talise and control sites in 2002.
Control Talise t-test MODERN
0.216 0.056 0.782 APPLIANCES
-0.085 -0.105 0.098 STRUCTURE
0.359 0.368 0.062 FURNITURE 0.347 0.517 1.301
N 45 44
Table 56. Correlations between independent variables and MSL component scores in Talise and control villages 2002.
Modern Appliance
Structure Furniture
Education 0.085
0.327 0.187
0.013 Age
-0.027 -0.049
0.119 -0.008
Christian 0.120
-0.009 -0.005
-0.048 Household size
0.104 0.143
-0.075 0.135
Fishing -0.123
-0.262 -0.017
-0.145 Farming
-0.075 -0.123
-0.026 -0.144
Kinabohutan -0.109
-0.005 0.006
0.042 Airbanua
-0.019 -0.033
0.033 -0.028
N=170 =p0.001 =p0.01 =p0.05
Table 57. Correlations between independent variables and MSL component scores in Talise 2002.
Modern Appliance
Structure Furniture
Education 0.130
0.278 0.180
-0.012 Gender male
-0.038 0.006
-0.003 -0.022
Age 0.104
-0.060 0.176
-0.159 Christian
0.122 0.092
0.003 0.059
Household size 0.257
0.120 -0.098
0.250 Fishing
-0.141 0.058
0.000 -0.022
Farming -0.213
-0.159 -0.006
-0.274 Proj. participate
-0.175 -0.089
0.231 0.051
Level participate -0.058
-0.001 0.170
0.206 Proj. Knowledge
-0.159 0.250
0.233 0.070
MPA knowledge -0.298
0.117 0.322
0.087 N=80 =P0.01 =P0.05
59 and final evaluation 2002 phases of the project to determine if project activities had any influence on these
perceptions. Each of the nine statements involves some aspect of relationships between coastal resources and human activities. The following are the statements used:
1. We have to take care of the land and the sea or it will not provide for us in the future. 2. Fishing would be better if we cleared the coral where the fish hide from us.
3. If our community works together we will be able to protect our resources. 4. Farming in the hills behind the village can have an effect on the fish.
5. If we throw our garbage on the beach, the ocean takes it away and it causes no harm. 6. We do not have to worry about the air and the sea, God will take care of it for us.
7. Unless mangroves are protected we will not have any small fish to catch. 8. There are so many fish in the ocean that no matter how many we catch, there will always
be enough for our needs. 9. Human activities do not influence the number of fish in the ocean.
The statements were arranged in the interviews so as to limit interference between similar statements e.g., statements number 8 and 9 were separated by 6 other statements. It will also be noticed that agreement
with some would indicate an accurate belief, while agreement with others would indicate the opposite. This was done to control for responses where the respondent either agrees or disagrees with everything. Statements
were randomly arranged with respect to this type of polarity. Respondents were asked if they agree, disagree, or neither neutral with respect to each statement. If they indicated either agree or disagree, they were asked if
they agree disagree strongly, agree disagree, or just agree disagree a little with the statement. This resulted in a scale with a range from one to seven. Polarity of the statement is accounted for in the coding process, so as
a score value changes from one to seven it indicates an increasingly stronger and accurate belief concerning the content of the statement.
The scale values associated with the nine statements involving beliefs concerning relationships between the coastal resources and human activities were factor analyzed using the principal component analysis
technique and varimax rotation. One of the statements “Farming in the hills behind the village can have an effect on the fish” manifested very low loadings on all factors, so it was eliminated from the final analysis. The
scree test was used to determine optimum number of factors to be rotated Cattell 1966. The result of this final analysis can be found in Table 58.
Statements loading high positive on the first
component involve perceptions of the lack of
human control God will take care of it,
inexhaustibility endless supplies of fish and
vastness it can absorb all the rubbish of the ocean.
Statements loading highest on the second component
involve the efficacy of human actions we have to take care, protect, not clear coral, and work together with respect to health of the resource. Thus, the first component is labeled “Vastness” and the second “Efficacy.”
Component scores see above discussion were calculated for each individual on each component.
4.3.2 Cross Community Analyses of Resource Beliefs
