32 persons from the village have go in one year and this is an indicator that at least some households are doing
quite well economically. The Hukum Tua felt that fish catch scad, skip jack, halfbeak, deho mackarel is still good particularly
with giop gear. The number of giop boats has not changed 18 boats but the number of soma giop giop gears has increased. Some of soma gioproa have converted to soma cakalang in August 2002. This is similar to the
conversion of roa nets to calalang nets that also occurred in Kinabohutan. Some fishermen bought new soma giop because the halfbeak season returned and the fish are now abundant in local waters. The soma giop that
were converted to soma cakalang can not be reconverted to soma giop. There are five fishermen who have both soma roa and soma cakalang.
There is one fisherman in Tumbak that owns a pajeko boat and gear but it is currently operated in Maluku. It has been in operation for five months with a hired crew of 20 from Tumbak. The soma has been
mechanized with “takal” similar to conversions that occurred in Bentenan. In 2000 no one had a pajeko in Tumbak. The Hukum Tua also said there are about 30 people from Tumbak that work as crew in Bentenan,
Kema and Molompar who usually come home every two weeks. The number of small boats smaller pelang, bolotu has not changed. There is another pajeko seen occasionally in Tumbak, but it does not belong to
Tumbak residents. The owner is from Watuliney, a village near Belang to the south. Tumbak villagers operate the boat and make up most of the crew approx. 15 people.
As in Bentenan, seaweed farms were attacked by a disease, and farming has totally ceased now in Tumbak. A concern mentioned by one past farmer was that to start seaweed farming again, all the people have
to start simultaneously so that the herbivorous rabbit fish siginaids cannot have a significant impact on the seaweed. Sporadic cultivation or only a few small farms may only provide food for rabbit fish; hence, no
income for the farmers.
NON-PROYEK PESISIR PROJECTS: There are a number of new projects in Tumbak as a result
of the sub-district development program funded by the World Bank in the sub-district of Belang. PPK Sub- district Development Program funds have been distributed twice in Tumbak. These included a drinking water
supply project and a road construction project, both of which are key issues outlined in the coastal resources management plan and are discussed below under the respective sections concerning management plan
implementation. There was a subsidy for satellite telephone installation in the village. The village paid 1 million Rupiah of the total 5 million price for the telephone.
NEW ORDINANCES: Several village ordinances are in the process of being drafted and formalized.
They include the following: 1. Mangrove Protection area. drafting stage
2. Village contribution from economic activities: loading and unloading copra, logs, ornamental fish and other trading supplies from and into boats and from marine catchesproduction fish, salted fish, sea
weed, etc. drafting stage 3. Regulation for water supply management and finalized and pending approval
3.3 Adjacent Non-Project Control Sites
3.3.1 Airbanua Talise control site
POPULATION: The Hukum Tua reported that the total population for 2002 is 886 with 437 in Jaga 1
Airbanua and 449 in Jaga 2 Wawunian. The Kepala Jaga for Jaga 2 reports that the sub-village has a population of only 393 individuals that are spread across 94 households. The Hukum Tua said that no people
have moved into or left the Jaga 1 since 2000 and that there were only five births. The Kepala Jaga Jaga 2 reports one new family, with five leaving temporarily for farm labor.
OCCUPATIONS: Rank importance of occupations in Airbanua are found in table 7. Fishing and
farming are the most important occupations as in past surveys, with plantation work and “other” occupations ranking second. There have, however, been some changes in gears used and amount harvested. Eight fishers
33 in Jaga 1 obtained
katinting for their boats. A slight increase in
catches for soma paka paka was reported. Six
new soma paka paka which can be converted
for lolosi were introduced into Jaga 2,
and five new pelang were constructed two to
replace old boats. Harvests were reported to have increased in Jaga 2 as a response to increased demand created by two new fish
buyers tibo-tibo. Previously there were none in Jaga 2, and the fishers had to sell their catches through a tibo- tibo in Jaga 1.
CHANGES IN PROJECT ACTIVITIES: Perhaps the most significant change in the community is
that it is now one of the Proyek Pesisir “scaling-up” projects. This, of course, means that it has lost some of its value as a control site. “Scaling-up” activities have included training, mangrove replanting, and preparation of
a plan to develop MPAs in each of the sub-villages. Trainings have included how to hold meetings, MPA development and ordinance preparation, reef assessment manta tow training, mangrove culture, and report
writing. An extension officer from Proyek Pesisir moved to the community in March 2002 and averaged a week residence per month since that time. The agent trained community organizers three for each Jaga in
preparing work-plans, reporting and coordinating with the Project Pesisir office.
MPA core groups have been formed in each Jaga, and a draft ordinance one has been prepared to cover the MPAs planned for both Jaga. The areas Pintu Kota 16 Ha in Airbanua and Kiaeng 13 Ha off
Wawunian were selected on the basis of coral cover and community participation. Several meetings were held during which the merits of selected locations were debated, and one to the north of Wawunian, which was
selected by the Hukum Tua on the basis of high coral cover, was rejected in favor of Kiaeng, which is relatively close 50m to the proposed MPA site in Jaga 1 located off of Pintu Kota. Dive tourists from the Gangga
Resort and other places Thalassa Dive Center’s live-aboard are already visiting the areas selected about once or twice a week, and the MPA groups are discussing the question of fees. The MPA committees will hold a
meeting including community members from both sub-villages to familiarize them with the plans and locations.
The entire community in Jaga 2 is reportedly involved in mangrove replanting. There is no single mangrove group—it is too difficult to get them together because of other commitments. There was an
agreement with community members that each family would be responsible for planting 25 mangroves. Given the figure of 94 families in Jaga 2, this would amount to 2350 mangrove trees. The first mangrove replanting
was a joint church—Proyek Pesisir sponsored activity in March 2002. One family fenced off an area they planted to keep goats from eating the plantings. Mangrove plantings are wide spread around most of the
mangrove areas visited.
3.3.2 Kahuku Talise control site
