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intelligence may be fascinated with mazes or jigsaw puzzles, or spend free time drawing or daydreaming.
3. Factors Affecting Intelligence
According to Cherry 2012: 5 there are three main factors that influence intelligence:
a. Genetics b. Biology and Biochemistry, there are a wide range of biological factors that can
impact intelligence. c. Environment, there are a number of environmental factors that impact child
cognitive development: demographics, poverty, bird order, childhood trauma, environmental stress, and parenting.
On the other hand, Carol 2012: 7 states that factors affecting intelligence are listed below:
a. Heredity and Environment:
Heredity provided the physical body to be developed with certain inherent capabilities while environment provides for the maturation and training of the
organism. In 1940 Newman concluded that variations in I.Q. were determined about 68 by heredity and 32 by environment. During an individual’s life time
variation in I.Q. is due to environment, since the heredity cannot change. Improved nutrition health, an stimulus situations would account for this change.
Environment of children ages 2 to 4 years appears to be critical since the child normally learns language at this time.
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b.
Age:
A person who bright or dull in childhood tends to remain bright or dull throughout his life. Growth intelligence can continue through the early twenties,
person achieves his maximum 10 at about 20 years are and remain stable till 10 years and decreases after that. Some abilities remain constant while others decline
rapidly due to decline in physical efficiency. It is observed that the more intelligent person has more rapid of mental growth and continues to develop
longer than does the mentally less able. c.
Race and Nationality:
There is no prominent evidence to show that race in a factor for determining intellectual level. Difference exist between families are due to
environment. The differences in races are also due to opportunity for training in early years. All evidence indicate that there is little or no difference in inherited
intellectual capacity due to race. There are differences, mostly due to opportunities for training and learning. The idea of inferior races due to heredity is
not true. d.
Culture: Answering in intelligent test question are highly cultural. Cultural will
determine the degree of a person’s attitude and abilities. e.
Health and Physical Development:
Physical and mental health is related to one’s ability to gain desired achievement. A mental activity with delicate health, one may not possess enough
energy to engage in mental activity to the extent that he achieves success. Physical defects such as in complete maturation of brain cells sensory and physical
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handicaps many interfere with observable intelligent behavior. Diseases also affect intelligence. Emotional bodies may interferes one’s ability. Unfavorable
health affects mental status of the individual. f.
Sex:
It is a popular belief that boys are suppose to be more intelligent than girls.
The research studies have shown that there is no significant differences between the sexes, on the average, girls seems to show slight superiority in language,
memory and appreciation. Differences in intelligence are caused partly by environmental conditions.
g. Social and Economic Conditions
: Home plays a significance role in the early developmental years. Home
conditions influence on behaviours attitude. The financial status or the parents, neighborhood and environmental conditions also affect on the intelligence but due
to their soci-economic status. Mentally defective, People Feeble – minded:
Individuals whose I.Q.’s are below 70 they are called as mentally defective or feeble
– minded people. They suffer from mamentia or luck of mind. But nowdays, nearly all psychologists recognize that both heredity and
enviromnet play a great role in determining intelligence. It now becomes matter of determining exactly how much of an influence each factor has.
Based on the previous quotations above, it can be concluded that indicators of intelligence are the general mental of individual to learn a new
knowledge, solve the problem, make good responses from truth or fact, carry abstract thinking, adapt and learn from the environment, and evaluate and judge.
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F. Review of Related Research
