immediacy and closeness to the story but not all the feelings and personality in the story belong to the writers in reality. In addition, the character-narrator may be an
observer standing on the edge of the action and watching what happens to others. The Third-person point of view is usually used as the second choice for
the writer in order to tell the reader a story about someone else. Here the writer seems to disappear, hidden completely behind his characters. We know an author
exists because a story implies a storyteller. The last point of view is Second- person rarely used by the writer of a narrative.
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In addition, other said that besides first-person and third person narration, there are some other kinds of narration, such as second-person narration, third-
person objective narration, third-person limited narration, and the last third-person omniscient narration.
In second- person narration, “you” are the agent talked in the story, for
example, you walked alone in the street. But, as it is generally awkward to narrate a story from “your” perspective, this type of narration is seldom used in narrating
a story. Next, in third-person objective narration the narrator tells a third-person ’s
story he, she, him, her, but the narrator only describes characters ’ behavior and
dialogue. The narrator does not reveal any character ’s thoughts or feelings. Then,
in third-person limited narration, the narrator is limited in describing a character’s
thoughts and feelings through the other character’s explicit narration. And the last
in third-person omniscient narration, the narrator becomes the one who knows everything about the characters
’ thoughts and feelings.
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e. Theme
Based on the literary term theme is “an author’s insight or general
observation about human nature or the human condition which is conveyed through characters, plot, and imagery.
” Locating theme is not always easy. What the readers need to do to find a theme is focus on the elements of the story while
reading. Then, examine the elements closely, and then rereading as needed.
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29
Thomas S. Kane, op. cit., p. 375.
30
http:www.ereadingworksheets.compoint-of-view , retrieved on September 3
rd
2016.
31
Jane Bachman Gordon, op. cit., p. 199.
Theme is the central meaning of a narrative. It tells the reader what the text is about. Theme is expressed through what the characters say, do and think and
through the characters’ actions that take place in the story. Theme is also revealed
in how the plot and setting of the narrative are constructed and presented. Themes might also involve types of conflict, such as, individual and society, individual
and nature, individual and himself, and individual and technology, etc.
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2. The Generic Structure of Narrative Text
Generally, narrative text has a generic structure which tells the plot of the story. There are as following:
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a. Orientation
In this paragraph the author introduces the background of the story. Thus, the narrator tells the audience who is in the story, the time when it is happening,
the place where it is happening and what is going on. Throughout this part, the reader can get the insight of what probably happens next in the story.
b. Complication
This is the part of the story where the author tells about something that will begin an event. These events will affect one or more of the characters. This is
where the characters play their role. Shortly, this is the part where the problem appears.
c. Sequence of events
This is where the narrator tells how the characters react to the complication. It includes their feelings and what they do. The events are usually
told in chronological order the order in which they happen or with flashbacks. The audience is
given the narrator’s point of view.
d. Resolution
In this part of the narrative, the story reaches its end. The complication is sorted out or the problem is solved. It has two possibilities; it can end in sad or
happy ending.
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http:classroom.synonym.comtheme-narrative-1732.html , retrieved on 3
rd
September 2016.
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Mark Anderson, op. cit., p. 4.
e. Coda
Some of narratives may present a coda at the last paragraph. Coda includes a moral or message to be learnt from the story.
Roro Anteng and Jaka Seger
Once upon a time, there was a king named King Brawijaya. He ruled Majapahit
kingdom. He has a daughter named Roro Amteng. Roro Anteng fell in love with Jaka
Seger. He was a man from the Brahmin Caste. King Brawijaya did not agree with their
relationship.
Roro Anteng and Jaka Seger left Majapahit. They moved to a place near Mount
Bromo. They ruled the region together. The people were prosperous under their leadership.
However, they were unhappy because they had no children. Desperate, they decided to climb to
the top of Mount Bromo. They prayed for help to the god of Mount Bromo. He granted their wish.
However, the youngest child must be sacrificed in the crater of the volcano.
After giving birth to 25 children, Roro Anteng and Jaka Seger have to sacrifice their last
child, Kesuma. If they broke their promise, they would be threatened with catastrophe. After
Kesuma was sacrific ed, they heard Kesuma’s
voice. He told everyone not to forget to perform worship.
Until now the Tenggerese still perform the annual Kasada festival to remember Kesuma’
sacrifice. The word „Tengger’ is derived from the last syllables of Roro Anteng and Jaka Seger.
They present annual offerings of rice, fruits, vegetables, livestock, and other local products.
Taken from Scaffolding for VIII Grade
Orientation
Complication
Resolution
Coda
