Point of view The Elements of Narrative Text

e. Coda

Some of narratives may present a coda at the last paragraph. Coda includes a moral or message to be learnt from the story. Roro Anteng and Jaka Seger Once upon a time, there was a king named King Brawijaya. He ruled Majapahit kingdom. He has a daughter named Roro Amteng. Roro Anteng fell in love with Jaka Seger. He was a man from the Brahmin Caste. King Brawijaya did not agree with their relationship. Roro Anteng and Jaka Seger left Majapahit. They moved to a place near Mount Bromo. They ruled the region together. The people were prosperous under their leadership. However, they were unhappy because they had no children. Desperate, they decided to climb to the top of Mount Bromo. They prayed for help to the god of Mount Bromo. He granted their wish. However, the youngest child must be sacrificed in the crater of the volcano. After giving birth to 25 children, Roro Anteng and Jaka Seger have to sacrifice their last child, Kesuma. If they broke their promise, they would be threatened with catastrophe. After Kesuma was sacrific ed, they heard Kesuma’s voice. He told everyone not to forget to perform worship. Until now the Tenggerese still perform the annual Kasada festival to remember Kesuma’ sacrifice. The word „Tengger’ is derived from the last syllables of Roro Anteng and Jaka Seger. They present annual offerings of rice, fruits, vegetables, livestock, and other local products. Taken from Scaffolding for VIII Grade Orientation Complication Resolution Coda

3. The Language Features of Narrative text

According to Mark and Kathy Anderson, narrative usually includes the following grammatical features, such as: 34 a. Nouns that identify the specific characters and places in the story. b. Adjectives that provides accurate description of the characters and setting. c. Verbs that show the actions that occur in the story. d. Time words that connect events, telling when they occurred. Meanwhile, according to Knapp and Watkins, there are six types of grammatical features of narrating: 35 a. When sequencing people and events in time and space, narrating typically use action verbs and temporal connectives. - Action verb, it is a verb that describes an action that persons, animals, or things can do. For example: One day, the boy went to the forest. He saw a lion trapped in the rope. He went slowly over the lion. When he got closer to the lion, the lion asked him to help him from the trap. - Temporal connective, it tells us about the time in sequences or tells which events occur firstly and which events come next. For example: Then , the boy tried to cut the rope by hand. After the rope had been cut, the lion thanked to the boy. Finally, they became friends. b. Recounts and stories are typically written in the past tense unless quoting direct speech. For example: An owl was puzzled by this and went to ask the nightingale what the reason was. “When I was captured,” explained the nightingale, “it was day and I was singing. In this way I learnt to be more carefully and to sing only at night.” c. In action sequences, mainly action verbs are used. For example: Bells were ringing, sirens screeching and people were running everywhere. d. Narratives often use action verbs metaphorically to create effective images. 34 Ibid., p. 3. 35 Peter Knapp and Megan Watkins, op. cit., pp. 221 —222.