or vice versa. Furthermore, qualitative changes do not normally occur even in the early years of life. Therefore, it is very rarely occurred.
Finally, we can differ that the personality changes can be slow versus rapid. The changes are regarded as slow if they are barely perceptible. It normally
occurs in every human being that we grow slowly and gradually. Meanwhile rapid changes are the personality changes that are readily apparent to all. Here, rapid
changes at any age are danger signals. Changes in short duration are usually due to some artificial stimulation which temporarily causes the person to forget his
real self-concept and see himself as he would like to be.
2.1.2.5 The Influence of Family on Personality Development
Family is the smallest unit of the society. It contains a father, a mother and children. Each member of a family has his or her role. What is meant by
parents’ role is the dynamic aspect of the status as parents English 13. Family could be in the first rank that influences personality development.
The influence does not just happen in the time of childhood but also takes effect on the adulthood. As mentioned by Hurlock in Personality Development, we can
summarize that family can influence individual directly or indirectly. We can say directly because family shapes the personality development by molding and
communication. However, it can be indirectly if the influence comes from identification, unconscious imitation of attitudes and behavior patterns Hurlock
352-353.
In every family, regardless of its size and composition, each member is expected to play a certain role. Each role is clearly defined by family members
and contributes to a harmonious living arrangement for all family members Hurlock 373. Role playing in family also influences personality development.
We can define the influence in two majorities as following. The first, role playing affects individual in his or her self concept on the
individual feels of the role, the expectation and the well individual acts in the role. The expectation of other family members gives the standard on how
individual act of the role and it can make individual assess his or her performance.
The second, the effect of role-playing comes from the influence on home atmosphere and from how family members and outsiders judge the success of
individual on playing particular role in the family. When individual choose a certain role in family, it becomes a habit that must be brought outside home in
the relationship with other people. Then finally, people judge the success on playing the role.
Parke and O’Neill formulate some parents’ role. Parents are instructor, educator, advisor, supervisor, facilitator and role-model. As an instructor, parents
give the order and information to the children. Parents create and give some rules for the children to obey and to do something for their own good. As the educator,
parents give knowledge of the things happening around them. Parents do not only focus on the intellect teaching but also the moral teaching, in order to bring
the children into a deep understanding of the environment. As the advisor,
parents give some advises on what happens and what will happen to the children so the children can find the best way out of their condition. As the supervisor,
parents keep an eye on the children. Therefore the children are under controlled. As the facilitator, parents provide some facilities like sports facilities, education
facilities and many others, to support the children’s development. As the role model, parents give themselves to the children to be model they always look at.
By doing so, the children have someone to rely on in his life O’Neill 32-39. Burke and Parke also give evidence in their research. The father’s social
relationship is used as a model by the child Burke 39. A father means different things for children at different stages of development. He plays the role as the
leader in the family. For a grown up boy, he becomes the model to copy especially when he is perceived highly as an affectionate person Payne and
Mussen in Martin and Stendler 329. Lidz states that the mother is the primary and major nurturing figure to
the child, particularly small child. She is an expert in child-rearing techniques. The mother also needs the support from whom she can gain such physical and
emotional nourishment in giving love and attention to the children Lidz 56. Mother’s behavior in conducting her role affects the children so much. As the
role of advisor, when the mother gives the children some advises but she does not try to solve the problem for them, the outcomes are positive. The children
will feel that their mother is a good friend to share their problems. Mother gives a big contribution to the children’s development.
Family can also influence individual’s personality development in term of deviant family patterns. For example, in a culture where being different is widely
regarded as being inferior, it is not surprising that people feel ashamed and embarrassed if their family patterns differ from those of the people with whom
they associate Hurlock 376. Here are some of deviants that influence personality development.
The first is solo families. Solo families are shown by the absence of one parent because of death, divorce, desertion, separation or some other causes. The
solo home can be a source of embarrassment to all of the family members or can be a source of pride. For example, if the figure of father is absence because of
divorce, it can be a source of embarrassment. However, if the absence due to some tasks as an army or employee to another country, it can be a source of
pride. Rather than becoming the source of embarrassment or the source of pride,
solo families have some important factors to influence the personality development. The most important thing is the presence of fatherhood masculine
or motherhood feminine figure in the family. Children are so demanding of the figures because their personality pattern is largely molded during the early years
of life. Furthermore, the personality effect of solo families is not limited to children. It is also felt by parents as well as other family members Hurlock 377.
The second is divorced families. Divorced families normally eliminate some of the friction so damaging to the home climate. In a society where
divorced is not common, this pattern become a big stigma for the member of the
