20 Stimulus variation skills are teacher liveliness. A good teacher should be
able to reflect positive behaviors in front of hisher students. It is said that teacher liveliness supports student involvement in learning. Teachers with enthusiastic
liveliness is said to be able to encourage students to respond positively to their learning Rosenshine, 1970.
c. Questioning Skills and Reinforcement Skills
Questioning skills are teacher abilities to give questions to students related to the learning materials. This questioning section is aimed to help student’s
understanding on the materials given by the teacher. Good and Brophy 2008 stated that many research addressed the similar thoughts that guiding students
through questioning is more effective that just explaining the materials. By addressing some different questions, students will prepare themselves to answer
the teacher’s questions. Another objective of questioning is to check student progress.
Brown 1975 stated that positive reinforcements encourages students to contribute something to the discussion as well as encouraging them to struggle to
achieve. Reinforcement skill is another teaching skill which is related to teache r’s
ability in giving positive response to student achievements and behaviors. Good teachers should be able to support students to learn meaningfully. Teachers should
be able to give positive view of what students have experience. It is supproted by some studies which have revealed that giving praise and corrective feedback to
students deliver positive influence to students’ achievements and attitudes toward learning Flanders Simon, 1969; Rosenshine, 1971.
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d. Conducting integrated teaching skills
Integrating every teaching skill to produce more effective learning is another skill which needs to be considered by teachers. This teaching skill covers
every basic aspect of teaching which supports students ’ learning process.
Hough and Duncan 1970 proposed some requirements of being a good teacher. They stated that teachers should be capable of creating rationale, humane
and creative decisions in the process of teaching the students. Facilitating students learning is another requirement of being good teachers. Teachers as educated,
trained and experienced person who is in charge in the class are expected to be able to give beneficial knowledge to the students to reach the learning goals.
Teachers also have to be able to help students to gain knowledge, skills and abilities that students need to work effectively. Measuring students learning is
where teachers are required to check whether the students have reached learning objectives or not. Lastly, as good teachers they have to be able to evaluate their
own teaching and improve their teaching as well. While Ryan and Cooper 1984 stated teachers must be able to integrate
between what they know and what they do. Teachers should be able to apply their knowledge to their profession as teachers. Ryan and Cooper also administer some
figures of being effective teachers; they stated that teachers should have the ability to, 1 Ask many different questions to the students which require students
’ responses, 2 Reinforce any kinds certain student behaviors, 3 Determine
student needs and difficulties, 4 Vary the learning activities which keep
22 involving the students, 5 Recognize student behavior responses during the
learning process, and 6 Use certain media to support learning.
5. The overview of Service Program Design SPD course
