Introduction Findings ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS

CHAPTER IV ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS

4.1 Introduction

In this chapter will be described the analysis of the data to answer the problems occurring in the Chapter I. They are to find out the types of Theme in advertisements in the People Magazine and to find out how their Theme Development. In 4.2 is explained the distribution of Theme and Rheme of the selected data. The analysis will be displayed according to the first Theme occurring, whether it’s Topical, Interpersonal, or Textual. In 4.3 the findings of types of Themes will be portrayed. In the next part, 4.4, will be described the Theme Development of each advertisements. It is discussed how each clause supports each other. After that, in 4.5 is discussed the finding of Theme development.

4.2 Data Analysis

The source of the data is the advertisements in People Magazine published in July 8 th 2013. The data is the every clause found 12 selected advertisements in People Magazine. There are 102 clauses to be analyzed. There are found 95 Topical Themes, 5 Interpersonal Themes, 26 Interpersonal Themes, and 28 Multiple Themes. The analysis of each Themes is discussed below: Universitas Sumatera Utara

4.2.1 Ideational Topical Theme

Ideational Theme is also called Topical Theme. It is coded by the first element of the transitivity system. It can be a participant, process, or circumstance. Ideational or Topical Theme can be divided into two kinds; they are marked Theme and unmarked Theme. The main principle in identifying the Theme of the clause is that a clause must contain one, and only one Topical Theme. Once the Topical Theme in the clause have been identified, all the remaining clause constituents can be consigned to the Rheme role. Below are the data and the analysis of Topical Themes found in advertisements in People Magazine: 1. See brighter, firmer eyes in just one week. Olay See brighter, firmer eyes’ in just one week. Topical RHEME THEME The clause above consists of Topical Theme for the imperative clause. The word ’see’ is as the Topical Theme. It is called marked Theme because the Theme does not take role as the subject of the clause. The Rheme is “brighter, firmer eyes in just one week” which is the new items in the clause. 2. Gently, dap the cream around your eyes to soften the appearance of lines and smooth the look of the lids. Olay Gently dap the cream around your eyes to soften the appearance of lines and smooth the look of the lids Topical RHEME THEME Universitas Sumatera Utara This clause consists of Topical Theme. The clause above begins with the Topical Theme which is realized by the “Gently”. It is a marked Theme as it is an adverb and not the subject of the clause. It is followed by “the cream around your eyes to soften the appearance of lines and smooth the look of the lids” that is the Rheme. 3. It all starts with Olay Regenerist Eye and Lash Duo Olay Regenerist Eye and Lash Duo it all starts with Olay Regenerist Eye and Lash Duo Topical RHEME THEME This clause consists of Topical Theme. The clause above begins with the Topical Theme which is realized by the “it all”. It is an unmarked Theme as it is pronoun and the subject of the clause. The rest of the clause, “starts with Olay Regenerist Eye and Lash Duo” is the Rheme. 4. Finish the look with a dab of cream blush and glossy lip. Olay Regenerist Eye and Lash Duo Finish the look with a dab of cream blush and glossy lip. Topical RHEME THEME The clause above consists of Topical Theme for the imperative clause. The word ‘finish’ is as the Topical Theme. It is called marked Theme because the Theme does not take role as the subject of the clause. The Rheme is “the look with a dab of cream blush and glossy lip” which is the new items in the clause. Universitas Sumatera Utara 5. Some people find nails enamels irritating- not just on their hand, but all around their eyes. Clinique Some people find nails enamels irritating- not just on their hand, but all around their eyes. Topical RHEME THEME This clause consists of Topical Theme. The clause above begins with the Topical Theme which is realized by the “some people”. It is an unmarked Theme as it is noun and the subject of the clause. It is followed by “find nails enamels irritating- not just on their hand, but all around their eyes” which is the Rheme. 6. For a long time this mouth was slammed to Miracle Whip Miracle Whip For a long time this mouth was slammed to Miracle Whip Topical RHEME THEME This clause consists of Topical Theme. The clause above begins with the Topical Theme which is realized by the “for a long time”. It is a marked Theme because it is adjunct circumstantial giving information of time. It is followed by “this mouth was slammed to Miracle Whip” which is the Rheme. 7. Exclusive Active Naturals Total Formula is proven to improve: tone, texture, blotchiness, dullness, brown spots. Aveeno Exclusive Active Naturals Total Formula is proven to improve: tone, texture, blotchiness, dullness, brown spots. Topical RHEME THEME Universitas Sumatera Utara This clause consists of Topical Theme. The clause above begins with the Topical Theme which is realized by the “Exclusive Active Naturals Total Formula”. It is an unmarked Theme because it is nominal group and takes role as the subject of the clause. It is followed by “is proven to improve: tone, texture, blotchiness, dullness, brown spots” which is the Rheme. 8. The Gerber Generation has a firm grasp on nutrition. The Gerber Generation The Gerber Generation has a firm grasp on nutrition. Topical RHEME THEME This clause consists of Topical Theme. The clause above begins with the Topical Theme which is realized by the “The Gerber Generation”. It is an unmarked Theme because it is the name of the product and takes role as the subject of the clause. It is followed by “has a firm grasp on nutrition” which is the Rheme. 9. You’re one spectacular person. AIsaos You are one spectacular person. Topical RHEME THEME This clause consists of Topical Theme. The clause above begins with the Topical Theme which is realized by the “You”. It is an unmarked Theme as it is pronoun and the subject of the clause. The rest of the clause, “are one spectacular person” which is the Rheme. Universitas Sumatera Utara 10. Try Biotrue. Biotrue. Try Biotrue. Topical RHEME THEME The clause above consists of Topical Theme for the imperative clause. The word ’try’ is as the Topical Theme. It is marked Theme because the Theme does not take role as the subject of the clause. The Rheme is “Biotrue.” which is the new items in the clause. 11. The Dreyer’s Fruits Bar you know and love are now called Outshine bars. Outshine The Dreyer’s Fruits Bar you know and love are now called Outshine bars. Topical RHEME THEME This clause consists of Topical Theme. The clause above begins with the Topical Theme which is realized by the “The Dreyer’s Fruits Bar you know and love”. It is an unmarked Theme because it is a nominalization and takes role as the subject of the clause. It is followed by “are now called Outshine bars” which is the Rheme. Universitas Sumatera Utara 12. Kell, Ripa and QVC Program Host Lisa Robertson know that ovarian cancer often disguises itself as other illness. Ovarian Kell, Ripa and QVC Program Host Lisa Robertson know that ovarian cancer often disguises itself as other illness. Topical RHEME THEME This clause consists of Topical Theme. The clause above begins with the Topical Theme which is realized by the “Kell, Ripa and QVC Program Host Lisa Robertson”. It is an unmarked Theme because it is takes role as the subject of the clause. It is followed by “know that ovarian cancer often disguises itself as other illness” which is the Rheme. 13. Banana Boat Protect and Hydrate provides all-day moisture with broad spectrum UVAUVB protection and aloe vera. Banana Boat Protect and Hydrate Banana Boat Protect and Hydrate provides all-day moisture with broad spectrum UVAUVB protection and aloe vera. Topical RHEME THEME This clause consists of Topical Theme. The clause above begins with the Topical Theme which is the name of the product “Banana Boat Protect and Hydrate”. It is an unmarked Theme because it is takes role as the subject of the clause. It is followed by “provides all-day moisture with broad spectrum UVAUVB protection and aloe vera.” which is the Rheme. Universitas Sumatera Utara 14. The kids from the Justice for Potatoes League want you to know The kids from the Justice for Potatoes League want you to know Topical RHEME THEME This clause consists of Topical Theme. The clause above begins with the Topical Theme which is the name of the product “The kids from the Justice for Potatoes League”. It is an unmarked Theme because it is takes role as the subject of the clause. It is followed by “want you to know.” which is the Rheme.

4.2.2 Interpersonal Theme

Interpersonal Theme is used when the speaker or writer wants to projects his or her angle on the value of what the clause is saying. It covers one or more of the elements of finite, Wh-element, vocative and modal adjunct. Below are the Interpersonal Theme found in the advertisements in People Magazine: 1. Just see what this amazing duel eye treatment can do. Olay Just see what this amazing duel eye treatment can do. Interpersonal Topical RHEME THEME The clause above consists of Interpersonal Theme for the imperative clause. The word ’Just’ is the interpersonal Theme . Just’ is a mood adjunct. It is followed by the Topical Theme ‘see’. The Rheme is “brighter, firmer eyes in just one week” which is the new items in the clause. ‘ Universitas Sumatera Utara 2. Just because they didn’t carry your beloved sauce. AI Sauce Just because they didn’t carry your beloved sauce. Interpersonal Textual Topical RHEME THEME The clause above consists of Interpersonal Theme, Textual Theme and Topical Theme. The word ’Just’ is the interpersonal Theme which occurs in the beginning of the clause. Just’ is a mood adjunct. It is followed by the textual Theme “because” and Topical Theme ‘they’. The Rheme is “didn’t carry your beloved sauce” which is the new items in the clause. 3. Are your contacts calling it quits before your eyes do? Biotrue Are your contacts calling it quits before your eyes do? Interpersonal Topical RHEME THEME The clause above consists of Interpersonal Theme, and Topical Theme. The clause begins with the interpersonal Theme which is the word ‘are’. In this clause, ‘are’ is the finite in interrogative clause. It is followed by the Topical Theme ‘your contacts’. The Rheme is “calling it quits before your eyes do??” which is the rest of the clause. 4. Would you recognize ovarian cancer? Ovarian Would You recognize ovarian cancer? Interpersonal Topical RHEME THEME The clause above consists of Interpersonal Theme, and Topical Theme. The clause begins with the interpersonal Theme which is the word “would”. In this Universitas Sumatera Utara clause, ‘would’ is the finite in interrogative clause. It is followed by the Topical Theme pronoun ‘you’. The Rheme is “recognize ovarian cancer?” which is the rest of the clause. 5. In fact it helps to even tone and texture for more radiant looking skin. Aveeno In fact it helps to even tone and texture for more radiant looking skin. Interpersonal Topical RHEME THEME The clause above consists of Interpersonal Theme, Textual Theme and Topical Theme. The word ’In fact’ is the interpersonal Theme which occurs in the beginning of the clause. It is modal adjunct showing admissive . It is followed by the Topical Theme which is the pronoun ‘it’. The Rheme is “helps to even tone and texture for more radiant looking skin.” which is the new items in the clause.

4.2.3 Textual Theme

Textual Theme makes explicit the way the clause related to the surrounding discourse. It covers four element of Theme, they are: 1 conjunction, 2 relative, 3 conjunctives adjunct, 4 continuatives. Below are the Textual Theme found in the advertisements of People Magazine: 1. Now you’re ready to create a dramatic eye – Olay Regenerist Now You are ready to create a dramatic eye – Textual Topical RHEME THEME Universitas Sumatera Utara The clause above consists of Textual Theme, and Topical Theme. The clause begins with the textual Theme which is the word “now”. In this clause, ‘now’ is the continuative word linking up the previous clause. It is followed by the Topical Theme pronoun ‘you’. The Rheme is “are ready to create a dramatic eye –” which is the rest of the clause. 2. Then add two coats of mascara then add two coats of mascara Textual Topical RHEME THEME The clause above consists of Textual Theme, and Topical Theme. The clause begins with the textual Theme which is the word “then”. In this clause, ‘then’ is the conjunction word linking up the previous clause. It is followed by the Topical Theme which is realized in imperative word ‘add’. The Rheme is “two coats of mascara” which is the rest of the clause. 3. Yes now you can wear nail enamel. Yes now you can wear nail enamel. Textual Textual Topical RHEME THEME The clause above consists of two Textual Themes, and a Topical Theme. The clause begins with the textual Theme which is the word “yes”. In this clause, ‘yes’ is the continuative word signaling the moving from the previous topic. It is followed by the second textual Theme which is the word “now”. ‘Now’ is the conjunctive adjunct. The Topical Theme is the pronoun ‘you’. The Rheme is “can wear nail enamel” which is the rest of the clause. Universitas Sumatera Utara 4. So we created a new different nail enamel for sensitive skin. So we created a new different nail enamel for sensitive skin Textual Topical RHEME THEME The clause above consists of Textual Theme, and Topical Theme. The clause begins with the textual Theme which is the word “so”. In this clause, ‘so’ is the continuative word signaling the moving from the previous topic. It is followed by the Topical Theme pronoun ‘we’. The Rheme is “created a new different nail enamel for sensitive skin” which is the rest of the clause. 5. Until finally it smeared on wheat Until Finally it smeared on wheat Textual Interpersonal Topical RHEME THEME The clause above consists of Textual Themes, Interpersonal Themes and Topical Theme. The clause begins with the textual Theme which is the word “until”. ‘Until’ is the conjunction word linking up the previous topic. It is followed by the second Interpersonal Theme which is the word “finally”. The Topical Theme is the pronoun ‘it’. The Rheme is “smeared on wheat” which is the rest of the clause. 6. So, what’s your hold up. So, what’s your hold up. Textual Topical RHEME THEME Universitas Sumatera Utara The clause above consists of Textual Theme, and Topical Theme. The clause begins with the textual Theme which is the word “so”. In this clause, ‘so’ is the continuative word signaling the moving from the previous topic. It is followed by the Topical Theme ‘what’s’. The Rheme is “your hold up.” which is the rest of the clause. 7. but designed specifically to help your little one develop those essential feeding skills. but designed specifically to help your little one develop those essential feeding skills. Textual Topical RHEME THEME The clause above consists of Textual Theme and Topical Theme. The clause begins with the textual Theme which is the word “but”. ‘But’ is the conjunction coordinator word linking up the previous clause. The Topical Theme is the verb “designed specifically”. As the process in transitivity, it is unmarked theme. It is followed by the Rheme is “to help your little one develop those essential feeding skills.” which is the rest of the clause. 8. Because, you could be increased risk for plaque buildup in your arteries over time. Because, You could be increased risk for plaque buildup in your arteries over time. Textual Topical RHEME THEME Universitas Sumatera Utara The clause above consists of Textual Theme, and Topical Theme. The clause begins with the textual Theme which is the word “because”. In this clause, ‘because’ is the conjunctive word linking up the previous topic. It is followed by the Topical Theme pronoun ‘you’. The Rheme is “could be increased risk for plaque buildup in your arteries over time” which is the rest of the clause. 9. When diet and exercise alone aren’t enough, When diet and exercise alone aren’t enough, Textual Topical RHEME THEME The clause above consists of Textual Theme, and Topical Theme. The clause begins with the textual Theme which is the word “when”. In this clause, ‘when’ is the relative word. It is followed by the Topical Theme ‘diet and exercise alone’. The Rheme is “aren’t enough,” which is the rest of the clause. 10. Now with Outshine bars you can experience 24 deliciously refreshing ways to make every day a light brighter. Now, with Outshine bars you can experience 24 deliciously refreshing ways to make every day a light brighter. Textual Topical RHEME THEME The clause above consists of Textual Theme, and Topical Theme. The clause begins with the textual Theme which is the word “now”. In this clause, ‘now’ is the continuative word linking up the previous clause. It is followed by the Topical Theme ‘with Outshine bars’. The Rheme is “you can experience 24 deliciously refreshing ways to make every day a light brighter.” which is the rest of the clause. Universitas Sumatera Utara

4.2.4 Multiple Theme

There is always an ideational topical element in the Theme. When the topical Theme is preceded the textual and interpersonal Theme, it is called as multiple Theme. Below are some of multiple Theme found in advertisements in People Magazine: 1. Just because they didn’t carry your beloved sauce. AI Sauce just because they didn’t carry your beloved sauce. Interpersonal Textual Topical RHEME THEME The clause above consists of Interpersonal Theme, Textual Theme and Topical Theme. The word ’Just’ is the interpersonal Theme which occurs in the beginning of the clause. Just’ is a mood adjunct. It is followed by the textual Theme “because” as the conjunction from the preceding topic. After that, it is followed by Topical Theme pronoun ‘they’. The Rheme is “didn’t carry your beloved sauce” which is the new items in the clause. 2. Until finally it smeared on wheat Until Finally it smeared on wheat Textual Interpersonal Topical RHEME THEME The clause above consists of Textual Theme, Interpersonal Theme and Topical Theme. The clause begins with the textual Theme which is the word “until”. ‘Until’ is the conjunction word linking up the previous topic. It is followed by the second Interpersonal Theme which is the modal adjunct “finally”. The Topical Universitas Sumatera Utara Theme is the pronoun ‘it’. The Rheme is “smeared on wheat” which is the rest of the clause. 3. In fact, it helps to even tone and texture for more radiant looking skin. Aveeno In fact it helps to even tone and texture for more radiant looking skin. Interpersonal Topical RHEME THEME The clause above consists of Interpersonal and Topical Theme. The word “In fact ” is the Interpersonal Theme occurring in the beginning of the clause. It is the modal adjunct. The following Topical Theme is the pronoun “it”. Rheme is “helps to even tone and texture for more radiant looking skin” which is the rest of the clause. 4. Are your contacts calling it quits before your eyes do? Are your contacts calling it quits before your eyes do? Interpersonal Topical RHEME THEME The clause above consists of Interpersonal and Topical Theme. The word “Are ” is the Interpersonal Theme occurring in the beginning of the clause. It is the finite. The following Topical Theme is the noun phrase “your contact”. Rheme is “calling it quits before your eyes do?” which is the rest of the clause. 5. So we created a new different nail enamel for sensitive skin. So we created a new different nail enamel for sensitive skin Textual Topical RHEME THEME Universitas Sumatera Utara The clause above consists of Textual Theme, and Topical Theme. The clause begins with the textual Theme which is the word “so”. In this clause, ‘so’ is the continuative word signaling the moving from the previous topic. It is followed by the Topical Theme pronoun ‘we’. The Rheme is “created a new different nail enamel for sensitive skin” which is the rest of the clause.

4.3 Findings

According to the preceding analysis, the result is summarized in the table below: Table. 4.2 Table of Theme and Their Occurrence in Each Advertisement Text Table 4.2 shows that the Olay Regenerist text consists of 10 clauses, there are 10 Topical Theme, 1 Interpersonal Theme, 2 Textual Theme, and 3 Advertisements Number of Clause Types of THEME Topical Interpersonal Textual Multiple Olay Regenerist 10 10 1 2 3 Olay Regenerist Eyelash Duo 10 10 - 4 4 Clinique 6 5 - 3 2 Miracle whip 7 6 - 3 2 Aveeno Active Natural 4 4 1 1 2 Gerber Graduates Snacks 5 4 - 1 1 Banana Boat Protect and Hydrate 4 3 - 2 2 A1 Steak Sauce 28 27 1 4 4 Bio True Contact Lens 9 9 1 3 4 Ore Ida Tatter Tots 6 5 - 1 1 Dreyer’s Outshine Fruit Bars 5 4 - 1 1 Ovarian 8 8 1 1 2 Total 102 95 5 26 28 Universitas Sumatera Utara Multiple Theme. Olay Regenerist Eyelash Duo text consists of 10 clauses, there are 10 Topical Theme, no Interpersonal Theme, 4 Textual Theme, and 3 Multiple Theme. Clinique text consists of 6 clauses, there are 5 Topical Theme, no Interpersonal Theme, 4 Textual Theme, and 4 Multiple Theme. Miracle whip text consists of 7 clauses, there are 6 Topical Theme, no Interpersonal Theme, 3 Textual Theme, and 2 Multiple Theme. Aveeno Active Natural text consists of 4 clauses, there are 4 Topical Theme, 1 Interpersonal Theme, 1 Textual Theme, and 2 Multiple Theme. Gerber Graduates Snacks text consists of 5 clauses, there are 4 Topical Theme, no Interpersonal Theme, 2 Textual Theme, and 2 Multiple Theme. Banana Boat Protect and Hydrate text consists of 4 clauses, there are 3 Topical Theme, no Interpersonal Theme, 2 Textual Theme, and 2 Multiple Theme. A1 Steak Sauce text consists of 28 clauses, there are 27 Topical Theme, 1 Interpersonal Theme, 4 Textual Theme, and 4 Multiple Theme. Bio True Contact Lens text consists of 9 clauses, there are Topical Theme, no Interpersonal Theme, 4 Textual Theme, and 3 Multiple Theme. Ore Ida Tatter Tots text consists of 6 clauses, there are 5 Topical Theme, no Interpersonal Theme, 1 Textual Theme, and 1 Multiple Theme. Dreyer’s Outshine Fruit Bars text consists of 8 clauses, there are 8 Topical Theme, no Interpersonal Theme, 1 Textual Theme, and 1 Multiple Theme. Ovarian text consists of 8 clauses, there are 8 Topical Theme, 1 Interpersonal Theme, 1 Textual Theme, and 2 Multiple Theme According to the table 4.2 above it can seen that entirely from the 102 clauses the Topical Theme occurs dominantly as many as 92 clauses, while the Interpersonal Themes occurs only 5 times. The Textual Themes are found as many as 26 clauses and there are 28 Multiple Themes found. Universitas Sumatera Utara

4.4 Theme Development