53
test and filled the questionnaire. They were Grade XII students of SMA Eka
Wijaya Cibinong, SMA Mardi Waluya Cibinong, and SMAN 1 Cibinong.
Table 3.2: Description Table of the Students
Students Class
Sex Age
Science Social
Language F
M ≤16
17 ≥18
SMA Eka Wijaya
SMA Mardi Waluya
SMAN 1 Cibinong
Total
C. Research Instrument
Instruments were required to collect data for the study. According to Hutchinson and Walters 1987: 58, there were a number of ways in which
information could be gathered about needs such as questionnaires, interviews, observation, data collection e.g. gathering texts, and informal consultation with
sponsors, learners, or others. There were the instruments for the following steps.
1. The Instrument for Research and Information Collecting
The writer conducted interview in order to collect information by
developing interview list to guide the participant. In collecting data, Robinson applied the structured interview where the questionnaire was used by the
interviewer to guide the interviewee Robinson, 1991: 12-13. The advantage of interview list was that the interviewer could help the respondents to clarify and
record their answers and explanations. In this study, the writer conducted interview because the writer needed further information. In the interview, the
54 writer applied structured interview and recorded the respondents’ voice. This
interview was aimed to gain information about students’ characteristics, students’ needs, teaching-learning materials or topics or handbooks, testing medias, the
curriculum, and other information to support next steps.
2. The Instrument for Product Verification
The writer applied questionnaire which involved close-form and open-
form questions. It was aimed to gain information in verifying the feasibility of the preliminary form of the designed test. On the other hand, the close-form questions
would evaluate the lack of the test to be revised. Then, the open-form questions were purposed to gain detail information, opinions, and suggestions toward the
design and the content.
3. The Instrument for Main Field Testing
In this step, the writer gathered data from the test and questionnaire.
From the test, the writer collected students’ answer-sheets which were distributed before the test stared. The students’ answer-sheets became important in order to
analyze the multiple-choice items. As accessed from Watts in Classroom Action Research
, individual files such as students’ works, projects, reports, art works, and memos could be one of techniques of gathering data. Thus, the printed
answer sheet could be included as the test element. Because the designed test was in the form of web-based test, the writer required the printed answer sheets to
55 analyze the Item Facility, Item Discrimination, and B-Index. The answer sheet
provided columns to write down the answer. Furthermore, to evaluate the implementation of the designed tests, the
writer distributed questionnaire. The statements included about the evaluation of the display, the content, and its importance for student. The questionnaire
included close-questions and open-questions. In this step, the questionnaire was conducted using Indonesian language in order to ease the process.
D. Type of Data and Data Gathering Techniques
