7 grammar form. For the macroskills, the test includes detecting main idea,
supporting idea, information, generalization, and exemplification; inferring links and connection between the information; distinguishing between literal and
implied meanings; and developing reading strategies for interpretation of texts. Each test consists of 35 questions including 5 options which contain of one
answer and four distractors. Here, the subject of the study focused only for Grade XII students of
senior high school in Kecamatan Cibinong. The writer decided this level because they had already understood the language components and linguistic features, they
are able to read an English text, and thus they can understand direction in order to operate the computer. On the other hand, the design can also be accessed as an
exercise for preparing the National Examination because it covers some materials for the national examination such as narrative, explanation, and discussion text.
Moreover, the designed test provides some questions that are generally applied in national examination such as reading comprehension questions main idea,
supporting idea, word phrase meaning, and true false statement and grammatical questions connectors and conditional sentence.
D. Research Objectives
The objective of this study was mainly to answer the problem previously stated in the problem formulation that is to develop the appropriate design of a set
of web-based multiple-choice reading test for Grade XII students of senior high
8 school in Kecamatan Cibinong. In this study, the writer would like to design and
to present the design.
E. Research Benefits
This study was expected to bring about some contributions for students, the teachers and also the other test designers as follows:
1. For students
This study may help students to prepare the national examination especially in reading test. Then, the tests may enhance students’ knowledge of
grammar, vocabulary, and reading comprehension. Besides, the students are able to practice the tests without the presence
of teacher and students obtain the
result immediately. While students conduct the web-based test, they learn a modern type of test and can be familiar with ICT.
2. For teachers
This study may facilitate teachers in conducting different ways of
giving a test by using computerized test. Moreover, the teachers can apply the design as a media that carries ICT for teaching English.
3. For other test
designers The study would inform how the designed test was developed based on
the theories and the implementation. Then, the designed test can be used to carry out another study on the effectiveness of technology in teaching and
learning process especially for Indonesian students.
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F. Definition of Terms
In this part, the writer provided the definition of each term so that the readers have the same view and it may reduce misunderstanding.
1. Designing
Designing is defined as drawing plans or planning a system to decide how something will look or work. According to Briggs et al, 1977, designing
is a process of analysis or learning need and goal and the development of a delivery system to meet the needs; includes development of instructional
materials and activities; and try out and revision of all instruction and learner assessment activities. The design must be planned and it is developed for
specific purposes. In this study, designing is preparing a plan for assessing students’ reading ability in the form of multiple-choice test using computer.
The design in this study is a set of web-based multiple-choice reading test. 2.
Web-based Test According to Roever 2001: 84, Web-based Test WBT is a
Computer-based Language Test which is delivered via the World Wide Web www. The term Web-based Testing is defined as a small-scale “home-
grown” test available on website Brown, 2004: 14. WBT can be offered any time unlike mass paper and pencil administrations. Moreover, it also provides
immediate feedback for the test takers. Web-based tests share many characteristics of traditional Computer-
based Tests CBT, but using the Web as delivery medium. Moreover, the Web is a system of interlinked hypertext documents accessed via the Internet.
10 In this study web-based test means that the test is provided in the website and
conducted using computer as testing medium which is connected via Internet. 3.
Multiple-choice Multiple-choice items are a form of assessment item in which
respondents are asked to select one or more of the choices from a list. Multiple-choice item has options where one of those options is a key or
correct response and the others are distractors Brown, 2004:56. In this study, the test-takers select one of five options as a correct answer. The multiple-
choice tests focus on formal aspects of language lexical, grammatical, and few discourse features.
4. Reading Test
According to Brown 2004:185, reading test is a test that measures learners’ ability in mastering fundamental bottom-up strategies for processing
separate letters, words, and phrases and top-down conceptually driven strategies for comprehension; and in developing formal schemata
background information and cultural experience. The writer selects the materials based on CS and BC, including narrative text, explanation text,
discussion text, and review text in the form of functional text, essay, and monolog. The writer designs selective reading test which focuses on formal
aspects of language. This category includes as testing reading comprehension, vocabulary, and grammar.
11 5.
Grade XII Students of Senior High School Grade XII students of senior high school are the third-year level
students in senior high school. Generally, the students have already achieved all materials in senior high level because they are prepared for national
examination. Grade XII students often review and tryout materials for the preparation of national examination to drill their knowledge and skill.
Consequently, they are able to understand and accustomed to analyze questions in the form of multiple-choice test.
6. Kecamatan Cibinong
Kecamatan Cibinong is a sub-district which becomes the central of governmental activity in Bogor Regency Kabupaten Bogor, West Java.
There are six senior high schools in Kecamatan Cibinong, three state schools and three private schools. They are SMAN 1 Cibinong, SMAN 2 Cibinong,
SMAN 3 Cibinong, SMA Mardi Waluya Cibinong, SMA Eka Wijaya Cibinong, and SMA PGRI 1 Cibinong. This study was conducted for students
of SMA Eka Wijaya Cibinong, SMA Mardi Waluya Cibinong, and SMAN 1 Cibinong because those schools are favorite schools in Kecamatan Cibinong.
Annually, those schools achieved higher range of score of national examination result in Kecamatan Cibinong. Besides, the locations of those
schools are nearby the public centre in Kecamatan Cibinong.
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CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
