Examples: Direct speech: I’ve never eaten meat,’ he explained.
Reported speech: He explained that he never eaten meat. Direct speech: ‘Will you do this for me, Jim?’ Grace said.
Reported speech: Grace asked me whether I would do that for. The first and the second example above are incorrect because there is omission of
the grammatical morpheme in each reported speech. In the first direct speech, there is omission of auxiliary had. The reporting clause of direct speech is past tense.
Therefore, the tense of reported clause of reported speech changes into past perfect tense had + past participle eaten. The correct reported speech should be He
explained that he had never eaten meat. The second reported speech is incorrect
because there is no indirect object her. The correct reported speech is Grace asked Jim whether he would do that for her.
2. Addition
Addition errors occur when there is presence of an item which must not appeared in a well-formed utterance Dulay et al., 1982. From the data collected, there were
19 addition errors made by the students 37.25. Those 19 errors were divided into two types, 2 errors of double marking 3.92 and 17 errors of simple addition
33.33. There was no error of regularization found in the test. Double Marking
This error is characterised by the presence of two items or more rather than one in a sentence when only one marker is required Dulay et al., 1982.
Example: Direct speech: ‘Will you do this for me, Jim?’ Grace said.
Reported speech: Grace asked Jim whether he would did those for her. 51
Direct speech: My mom said, ‘What are you doing now, Honey?’ Reported speech: My mom asked me what is I am doing now.
Direct speech: My mom said, ‘What are you doing now, Honey?’ Reported speech: My mom asked to me what were I’m done at that time.
The first example is incorrect because there are two past forms, would and did, appear in a sentence. Would is past form of will and it should be followed by
infinitive. The correct reported speech is Grace asked Jim whether he would do that for her
. The second and the third reported speech have the same error that is the presence of two to be. In the second example, there are two to be appear, is and am.
Is should not be used since the subject is I. The correct reported speech is My mom
asked me what I was doing then . Am changes into was because the reporting clause
of direct speech is past tense. The third example also has two to be, were and am. Those two to be are incorrect used in that reported speech. The sentence should be
My mom asked me what I was doing at that time. Seeing the errors the students made, especially the to be, students had not
mastered it well. They had not understood which correct to be which should be used with any certain subject.
Simple Addition If an addition error is not a double marking nor a regularization, it is called a
simple addition error Dulay et al., 1982. Examples:
Direct speech: He said to her, ‘Will you be here tomorrow?’ Reported speech: He asked to her if she would be there the next day.
Direct speech: Mr. Tim said to Robin, ‘Go away now’ Reported speech: Mr. Tim asked to Robin to go away then.
52 PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
