The examples of error types based on the surface strategy classification are presented in the table of error types based on surface strategy classification see
appendix 4.
3. Comparative Taxonomy
Comparative taxonomy classifies errors based on comparisons between the structure of L2 errors and certain other types of constructions Dulay et al., 1982.
This taxonomy has four error categories. Developmental Errors
These are errors similar to those made by children learning the target language as their first language.
Example: Dog eat it.
It is made by a Spanish child learning English in which he or she makes the omission of the article and the past tense marker.
Interlingual Errors This category concerns with L2 errors that reflect native language structures,
regardless of the internal processes or external conditions that influence the errors. Example:
the man skinny It is produced by a Spanish speaker reflects the word order of Spanish adjectival
phrases. 27
Ambiguous Errors Ambiguous errors are defined as errors that reflect the learner’s native language
structure, and at the same time, they are of the type found in the speech of children acquiring a first language.
Example: I no have a car.
The negative form reflects the learner’s native Spanish and is also characteristic of the speech of children learning English as their first language.
Other Errors Dulay et al., 1982 call these errors unique since they are unique to L2 learners.
Example: She do hungry
4. Communicative Effect
Communicative effect taxonomy is the last classification of errors proposed by Dulay et al. 1982. This classification deals with errors from the perspective of their
effect on the listener or the reader Dulay et al., 1982.
e. Sources of Errors
This part discusses the sources of errors proposed by Brown 1987. Later, this discussion is used to answer the problem formulation number three in Chapter IV.
According to Brown 1987, there are three sources of errors, which are discussed below.
1. Interlingual Transfer
This source explains that errors in language learning are influenced by interference of the native language. This happens because the system of second
28 PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
