contributions to the successfulness of communication even though these sub- skills are not the main objective of teaching speaking. The argumentations
about the objective of teaching speaking according to the experts actually in line with the objective of teaching speaking in Indonesia that aimed to achieve
transactional and interpersonal function.
5. Teacher Roles in Teaching Speaking
According to some experts, teachers need to play some roles during speaking activity for making their learners speak fluently and for achieving a
successful learning process. The following explanation will focused on describing teachers’ role in speaking class based on some educational experts’
argumentation:
a Prompter
When acting as prompter teachers are responsible on helping the learners come over their problem when they get stuck on the idea they are going
to say in the middle of the activity. Teachers also have to make sure that their help
shouldn’t break up the activity or make it out of the role in order to prevent
students’ frustration feeling. b
Participant Sometimes teachers also can take a role as participant, they can
participate in learners’ activity by informing them about new information
in order to keep the activity running on its track. Teachers also have to maintain
learners’ engagement on the activity by setting up an interesting and clear task. They also should provide a creative learning environment
by giving their learners some suggestion in the middle of activity without making themselves as a dominant participant during learning process.
c Feedback provider
Teachers as feedback providers need to be aware of different effect from different feedback approach, for instance, teachers over correction on
learners’ performance can cause the absence of communicativeness from learning activity because students especially who is over corrected by
teacher can feel frightened, embarrassed, or even down then decided to be
quite instead of speaking up and making another mistake. On the contrary, teachers should make gentle correction which can help their
students overcome from difficult situation such as misunderstanding or hesitation during learning process.
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d Controller
When teachers acting as controller they have to walk around the class to ensure that their students are performing their tasks well and doing their
task on the right track. Teachers also have to check out students’
performance in the small group or pairs and see whether their students need their help or not. Moreover, they also have to make sure that their
students share the same opportunity for making contribution during learning process.
e Observer analyzer
Teachers’ role as observer or analyzer is observing or analyzing students’ problem during learning process. Teachers should make some observation
on students’ performance in order to ensure that their students are capable of expressing themselves in the target language and in order to provide
sufficient opportunities for the students for practicing the target language in the class and outside the class.
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f Assessor
Teachers’ obligation as assessor is assessing students’ performance thus with this action teachers will know how well students understanding
about the materials which have been taught and how well students perform their task. Another obligation that should be done by teachers as
the assessor are correcting students mistakes during learning activity and organizing feedback for their students in order to point out students
successful or failure in performing their task and then when students find some problems in the middle of learning process, teachers can help
students to solve their problem.
27
Jeremy Harmer, Op.cit., pp. 347-348.
28
Hayriye Kayi, Teaching Speaking: Activities to Promote Speaking in a Second Language, The Internet TESL Journal, Vol. XII, No. 11, November 2006, http:iteslj.org.
g Organizer
Teachers’ role as organizer considers as a difficult role to play because teacher skill in organizing the class will determine both of successful and
failure of a learning process. Teachers are expected to be a good organizer in
setting up learning materials and students’ activity in the class. Teachers also have to make sure that students get clear information
about the task that will be performed by them during the activity in order to achieve a successful learning process.
h Tutor
Teachers’ role as a tutor is acting as a coach and students’ resource; then while students find any difficulties or problems in their project they can
ask their teachers to give some advice or guidance to help them solving their problems.
Teachers’ role as a tutor considers as a broader role than others because as a tutor teacher required to be able to integrate the other
roles such as organizer, prompter, and students’ resource.
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In conclusion, from the explanation above can be concluded that teachers’
ability for doing their roles in the class are very important to establish and to determine a successful of language teaching process in the class.
6. The Characteristics of Successful Speaking Activity
