social acts performed by the characters in Jumping the Broom movie. However, this research is a bit different from both previous studies which have been
presented. The difference is derived from the perspective to analyze the objectives. In the previous studies that have been presented, both researchers use
sociolinguistic approach in analyzing the research. On the other hand, in this research, the researcher uses conversational analysis as the approach of the
analysis since it deals with conversation as a social action in which it is interpreted through the context of interaction. In the previous study, the first
researcher analyzes all types of the preferred and dispreferred second turn, whereas this research has limitation and only focuses on the analysis of the
dispreferred social acts.
B. Conceptual Framework
Conversation analysis CA is a study of language as a branch of ethno- methodology in sociology. It is also known as a study of interaction in
conversation. It focuses on examining the structures and organizations of social interaction in natural situation. It means that conversation analysis observes
everyday life conversation as the focus of the analysis. In addition, it also deals with the sequences of actions or recurrent patterns of actions. Then, these
sequences of actions build the contribution of the participants in the interaction. Then, the contribution of the participant in conversation is called turn taking.
Turn taking is considered as a way of speakers take turn in an interaction. In turn taking mechanism, the speakers cooperate to control the turn and allocate
the opportunities to the next participant to contribute in the interaction. The
allocation of the next turn to the other participants is called turn-allocation mechanism. It deals with an optional situation for the current speaker to select the
next speaker. There are two techniques of selecting the next speaker; those are the recent speaker selects the next speaker or the next speaker can do self-select.
In addition,
a speaker may choose the next speaker by himself or herself or self-select through the use of adjacency pairs.
Adjacency pairs are adjacent utterances performed by different speakers. They consist of two turns which come orderly. It means that some kinds of
utterance are intended to precede the next action, while the other kind of utterance is intended to accomplish the preceded action. Those kinds of utterance which
precede the action are called first pair parts FPP. Meanwhile, the other kinds of utterance which follow the preceded utterance are called second pair parts SPP.
The FPP of adjacency pairs are arranged by a particular expected response which needs to be presented as the SPP.
However, not all social actions are structurally equal in the SPP. Some SPPs are preferable rather than other SPPs. This concept is known as preference
organization. The preference organization divides the SPPs into two kinds, namely preferred and dispreferred social act. The preferred social act is described
as an expected response performed in the next act, while the dispreferred social act is an unexpected response performed in the next act. For example, an
acceptance and agreement are preferred social acts while a refusal and disagreement are dispreferred social acts.
