control group. The purpose of pre- test is to measure the student‟ initial
understanding and achievement before the treatments are given.
3.8.3 Post Test
Brown 2004:3 states that a test is a method of measuring a person‟s ability, knowledge, or performance in a given domain. After the treatments are
done and finished, the post test will be used to measure the students. will be given to the students. After I analyze the try-out of post-test, the post-test itself could be
used to be tested because the test items have been selected. The aim of conducting post-
test is to know the result of the students‟ simple past tense mastery after the treatments. Then the data of pre-test and post-test are analyzed to see whether
there is improvement and significant difference of students‟ simple past tense mastery between those who are taught using Course Review Horay technique and
those who are taught without Course Review Horay technique or not This is also done in the control and experiment group. For this post-test, multiple-choice test
is used.
3.9 Technique of Data Analysis
3.9.1 T-test Analysis
According to Arikunto 2006: 311, t-test is a statistical test that involves means of normal populations with unknown standard deviations. The small samples are
used based on a variable t equal to the difference between the mean of the sample, and the mean of population divided by a result obtained by dividing the standard
deviation of the sample by the square root of the number of individual in the sample.
In this study, t-test used to know the difference in the result of teaching simple past tense using Course Review Horay technique and the other ones. To
measure the significance of the pre test and post test used formula: � =
−
2
+
2
+ − 2
1 +
1
where: t = t-test
M
x
= means of control group
M
x
= means of experimental group
X
2
= variance of the control group
Y
2
= variance of the experimental group
N
x
= number of the students in control group
N
y
= number of the students in experimental group
If the obtained value which using 5 alpha level of significance is higher than t-table, it means that there is a significant different achievement between the
experimental group and control group.
CHAPTER IV DATA ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION
This chapter discusses the results of the study based on data analysis and the discussion of the research findings.
4.1 Activities of Experiment
In this research, there were four main activities. These were the activities of constructing instrument, pre-test, treatments, and also post-test. These activities
were done in different time.
4.1.1 Constructing instrument
Before the test was used to gain the data of evaluation, there were some stages that should be done in constructing the instrument in order to get good instrument.
The stages as follows: a Limitation of Material learning
The material of learning that will be tested in this research was limited only in simple past tense especially regular and irregular verbs.
b Constructing Lattice Work The lattice work of the instrument could be seen on Appendix 8.
c Test Time Allocation The tryout test instrument used in this study was non-standardized in the form
of multiple choices. The time allocation needed to finish the tryout was 90 minutes with the number of the test items were 50 items.
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