CHAPTER III METHOD OF INVESTIGATION
This chapter discusses the method of investigation. It discusses research design, object of the study, population and sample, research variables, type of data,
instrument for collecting data, procedure of experiment, method of collecting the data, and method of analyzing the data.
3.1 Research Design
The design used in this research is true experimental pre-test-post-test control group design. According to Nunan 1993:73, if the procedures already
described, that is, randomly assigning the subjects either the control or experiment group, and administering pre- and post- treatment test. The purpose is I want to
know the effectiveness of using Course Review Horay technique in improving students‟ simple past tense mastery.
The design of the research is as follows: E
O
1
X O
2
C O
3
Y O
4
explanation: E :
Experimental group C :
Control group O
1:
Pre-test for the experimental group O
2:
Post-test for the experimental group
4 2
O
3
: Pre-test for the control group
O
4
: Post-test for the control group
X: Treatment using Course Review Horay technique
Y: Treatment without using Course Review Horay technique
= A line between levels indicates equated groups I will find the initial understanding of simple past tense between the two
groups by giving the pre-test O
1
and O
3
. Then, giving treatments to the both group X and Y. In this case, the experimental group is taught by using Course
Review Horay technique while for the control group is taught by conventional
method. After both groups are given some treatments, then they are supposed to have post-test O
2
and O
4
to know the improvement of simple past tense. The gain scores will be compared and subjected to test of significance of the difference
between two means.
3.2 Population and Sample
The population in this study is students grade eleven of SMA N 1 Subah in the academic year 20102011. There are two class classifications; IPA and IPS
program. The number of students of grade eleven is as follows; Class
Number of students
XI IPA 1
34
XI IPA 2
34
XI IPA 3
34
XI IPA 4
33 XI IPS 1
34 XI IPS 2
35 XI IPS 3
33 XI IPS 4
35 TOTAL
272
After defining the population, the sample is selected because the population is too big to be observed. According to Saleh 2001: 34 there are many techniques in
taking the sample. They are simple random sampling, systematic random sampling, stratified random sampling, and cluster random sampling.
In defining the sample it is obvious to know the average of students‟ competence level of English lesson of each class first. To find out the average of
students competence in English lesson of each class, the data were taken from the first semester final result raport. Here is the table of the final result raport
average among the classes:
Based explanation above, it can be concluded that based on the average of final report above, the English lesson competence has the same average. It means that
all the classes of grade eleven of SMA Negeri 1 Subah can be chosen as the sample.
In this study I used cluster random sampling. Cluster random sampling was chosen by using techniques or steps in taking the sample; based on the
Classs Number of
students
English lesson average Final Report
XI IPA 1
34 75, 18
XI IPA 2
34 75, 29
XI IPA 3
34 74, 77
XI IPA 4
33 74, 24
XI IPS 1 34
74, 97 XI IPS 2
35 73, 67
XI IPS 3 33
75, 03 XI IPS 4
35 73, 77
TOTAL 273
596.92
curriculum the students get the same material in an academic year, the students are in the same level of competence in the same grade, the averages of English
lesson competence are the same, and the number of students is equal. In conclusion, in I chose XI IPS 2 and XI IPS 4, where XI IPS 2 as the control group
and XI IPS 4 as the experimental group. The both groups have equal number of students that is 35 students for each group. I choose the two classes because I
think the two classes fulfill the requirement of the technique or steps in taking the sample that has been explained in the previous explanation.
3.4 Research Variables
Kategori