draft. The fourth is revising first draft. The last is proofreading the final draft.
Based on some theories above, it can be summarized that in general there are three steps of writing process, they are: pre-writing, writing, and
rewriting. Pre-writing includes any stimulating activities before writing. It consists of planning and drafting. Writing refers to the activities of
organizing one’s ideas into sentences and paragraphs in the written form. While rewriting involves revising and editing.
c. Writing Skill
As the most difficult skill, writing deals with some aspects which should be known by the learners. Writing is not only about theoretical idea,
but it more concerns on practical thing. In facts, writing deals with some sub- skills, including micro- and macro- skills.
In order to acquire the writing skills, there are some micro- and macroskills which should be mastered by the learners. Brown 2004:221
states someaspects included in them, in more detail, they are:
Microskills 1. Produce graphemes and orthographic patterns of English.
2. Produce writing at an efficient rate of speed to suit the purpose. 3. Produce an acceptable core of words and use appropriate word
order patterns. 4. Use acceptable grammatical systems e.g., tense, agreement,
pluralization, patterns and rules. 5. Express a particular meaning in different grammatical forms.
6. Use cohesive devices in written discourse.
Macroskills
7. Use the rethorical forms and conventions of written discourse. 8. Appropriately accomplish the communicative functions of
written to form and purpose. 9. Convey links and conections between events, and communicate
such realtion as main idea, supporting idea, new information, given information, generalization, and exemplification.
10. Distinguish between literal and implified meanings when writing.
11. Correctly convey culturally specific references in the context of the written text.
12. Develop and use a battery of writing strategies, such as accurately assessing the audience’s interpretation, using
prewriting devices, writing with fluency in the first drafts, using paraphrases and synonyms, soliciting peer and instructor
feedback, and using feedback for revising and editing.
By mastering the micro and macro- skills of writing above, it helps the
writers to get the success in their writing. Those skills are basic thing that the students should have in order to attain better result in their writing
product.
2. Teaching Writing
a. The Objective of Teaching Writing
. The objective of teaching writing refers to the main objective of writing specified by Davis and Pearse 2000: 98, that is, writing is not
only producing correct English, but also achieving the effective communication. It means, through writing, the writer communicates what
heshe wants to say or share what heshe feels. In achieving the effective communication, the writer needs to pay attention to formal aspects, i.e.
neat hand writing, correct spelling and pronunciation, as well as acceptable grammar and careful selection of vocabulary.
Furthermore, the objective of the teaching writing is not only to help the learners expressing the ideas, but also getting them to acquire writing
abilities and skills in order that the learners can produce written text on their own language. It is mentioned by the statements of Ur 2009:162,
that: The objective of the teachingwriting in a foreign language is to get
learners to acquire the abilities and skills they need to produce a range of different kinds of written texts similar to those an educated
person would be expected to be able to produce in their own language.
In encouraging the learners to acquire the writing abilities and skills, teachers are also given the syllabus as a reference. However, in the real
teaching, teachers have their own materials to teach. Therefore, they need to adopt the materials to the syllabus.
Based on the statements above, it can be said the objectives of teaching writing depend on two things. They are teaching situation and the
objectives of teaching writing expressed in the syllabus. The objectives of teaching writing in the syllabus then are referred to SK-KD Depdiknas
2000:284, it said that teaching writing is the process of helping students to
express them in arranging sentences in short functional texts and short essays in the form of particular texts in the daily life context.
