24 collecting information from a sample. Moreover, the survey used in this research
is a cross-sectional survey that included questionnaire and interview as the research instruments to collect the data. Gall, Gall, and Borg 2007 mention that
questionnaires and interviews can be used to collect data about phenomena that are both observable and not directly observable such as inner experience,
opinions, values, and the like. Therefore, in this research, the researcher collected the data used in the
research by asking questions, in form of questionnaire and interview, to a group of people that was called as a sample. While the questionnaire was used to answer
the first research problem, the interview was mainly used to answer the second research problem. In addition, the data gathered in this research were the numeric
data, which were gathered from the close-ended questionnaire, and the textual data, which were gathered from the open-ended questionnaire and the interview.
B. Research Setting
The research was conducted in the even semester, academic year of 2012- 2013. It took place at the English Language Education Study Program of Sanata
Dharma University. The researcher distributed the questionnaire on March 18, 2013 at the Koendjono room, which is located on the fourth floor of the BAA
Sanata Dharma University building. Moreover, the interview was conducted on May 30, 2013 at the main hall of the Campus II Sanata Dharma University
Yogyakarta.
25
C. Research Participants
Ary, Jacobs, and Sorensen 2010 mention that studying a very large population in a survey is often difficult or even impossible. Thus, researchers need
to select a sample, which is a smaller portion of the population for the study. In this research, the researcher also selected a sample of the population, which
consisted of the eighth semester students of the English Language Education Study Program of Sanata Dharma University in the academic year of 2009, who
have taken or have been taking the School Practice Program. The participants of the research were 88 students, who were randomly chosen from the population. In
choosing the sample of the study, the researcher employed probabilistic simple random sampling.
Kitchenham and Pfleeger 2002 state that probabilistic sampling method aims to eliminate subjectivity and to obtain representative sample of the target
population. In addition, they mention that in simple random sampling, everyone in the target population has the same probability of being included in the sample for
a research. Gall, Gall, and Borg 2007 also state that simple random sampling can be defined as a sample from a population that is selected by a process that
provides every sample of a given size an equal probability of being selected. Therefore, the eighth semester students, who have taken or haven been taking the
School Practice Program, were chosen since they were considered to be representative of the problems in this research.
26
D. Instruments and Data Gathering Technique 1. Instruments
