Since this research dealt with the second language acquisition, the second approach used to analyze it was translation method. Hatim and Munday explains
translation method as follows, Translation is an incredibly broad notion which can be understood in many
different ways. For example, one may talk of translation as a process or a product, and identify such sub-types as literary translation, technical
translation, subtitling and machine translation; moreover, while more typically it just refers to the transfer of written texts, the term sometimes also includes
interpreting 2004: 3.
This translation method would be used to analyze how the students could understand the difference between make, have, get English causatives in Indonesian form. That is
why the approach uses a closed translation as a part of the methodology.
C. Method of the Study
1. Data Collection
To help analyzing data, the writer decided to use quantitative method. Quantitative research lets the investigator identify a research problem based on the
observation or on the need to explain why something occurs Creswell, 2015: 13. Sugiyono illustrates quantitative method as a research method which is used for
analyzing certain population or sample in statistical way 2014: 35. In order to support the methodology, the researcher used sample for the obejct for the research
taken from the students’ population. Population is the group or persons, things, or events that share at least one
common trait Sprinthall, Schmutte, and Sirois, 1990: 27. In this research, the population were the seventh semester students who studied in English Letters
Department at Universitas Sanata Dharma in 2016 academic year and had passed the Structure I until Structure V.
A sample is a smaller number of observations taken from the total number making up a given population Sprinthall, Schmutte, and Sirois, 1990: 28.
Furthermore, Creswell explains that sample is the subgroup of the population for generalizing about the target population 2015: 141. The chosen sample must
represent the population or otherwise the conclusion can not be accepted Sugiyono, 2013: 149. Therefore, there is a systematic way to decide how many people who can
be taken as the sample of a research. Here is the formula by Isaac and Michael in Sugiyono 2013, 158:
Chart 3.1 Sample Formula
�
2
. N. P. Q s = ------------------------------------
�
2
� − + �
2
. .
s = the amount of sample λ
2
= Chi Quadrate that depends on the degree of mistakes 1; 5; and 10 N = the number of population
P = the opportunity of true 0,5 Q = the opportunity of false 0,5
d = the difference between sample’s average with population’s average. It could be 0,01; 0,05 and 0,1
The population of seventh semester students who had passed Structure V is 111 students. For the first half test, the researcher gave the test and the questionnaire
