22
D. Error Analysis
English as the first foreign language in Indonesia is an important language to learn. Learning the target language is clearly different from learning first
language. The learners inevitably will make errors in the process of first foreign language learning, but natives sometimes make mistakes in the process of
acquisition. At a glance, there is no difference between mistakes and errors as stated
by Hornby, they are recognized as synonymous words, sometimes the terms used interchangeably.
37
Instead, they are technically used differently as in some source. According to Corder, mistake refers to performance errors, while the term
error refers to competence errors, the systematic errors of a learner from which
the source people are able to reconstruct hisher knowledge of the language.
38
Errors are classified into vocabulary lexical error, pronunciation phonological error, word formation grammatical error and misunderstanding of a speaker‟s or
meaning interpretive error.
39
According to James, there are two types of grammatical errors:
a Morphology Errors, the failure to comply letter and word in supplying any
part of any instance of the word classes.
40
Morphology is the identification, analysis, and description of the structure of words. In English, there are five
lexical words classes; noun, verb, adjective, adverb, and preposition.
37
A.S. Hornby, Oxford Advance Learner’s Dictionary, Oxford: Oxford University press, 2003,
p. 543.
38
S.P. Corder, “The Significance of Learners‟ Errors,” Error Analysis :Perspectives on Second Language Acquisition
, ed. Jack C. Richards London: Longman, 1974, p. 25.
39
Carl James, 1998, op.cit. p. 13.
40
Ibid, p. 154.
23
Morphology Errors are usually seen in plurality, genitive, and tense, such as six bo
ok, bringed, and abolishment √-tion.
b Syntax Errors, errors that affect texts larger than the word.
41
Syntax is the former handling structures larger than the word. These errors happen in phrase
structure, clause structure, sentence structure and intersentence errors cohesion, for example, Give [NP] to the dog.
Grammatical error happens because of competence factor. Learners do not understand the rule of the target language, so they do transfer of grammatical rules
of their native language into it. This creates an error both in oral and written. Errors are sign of learning failure and not to be willingly tolerated. It must
be analyzed what kinds of errors that happen to learners. “The fact that learners do make errors and that these errors can be observed, analyzed, and classified to
reveal something of the system operating within the learner, led to a surge of study of learners‟ errors, called error analysis.”
42
From several definitions above, it can be said that error analysis is the technique of finding the errors that learner made in speaking and writing using
any principles and procedures provided by linguistics. It is the technique that is mostly used in many researches.
41
Ibid, p.156.
42
Muhammad Farkhan 2006, op.cit. p. 149.
24
CHAPTER III RESEARCH FINDINGS
A. Data Description
Language interference occurs when two languages in different grammatical systems come into contact. The language contact produces some
errors, like grammatical errors that ultimately allow some awkward sentences in target language. For that reason, in this research, the data are several sentences
that may be containing grammatical errors. The section looks further into samples taken from Miss Universe 2010
Interview Session. The sentences spoken by the interviewee who uses English as her first foreign language or target language are estimated containing grammatical
interference. The writer gives the number for the collected data to make easier to analyze. The data were taken from a video of Puteri Indonesia 2009 in interview
session on Miss Universe Contest 2010 as follows:
1. Morphological Error
a Agreement
1 Singular – Plural Agreement
No. Corpuses
Types of Grammatical Interference
Correct Sentences Min.
a.
Q:
What is the best gift you have ever received?
A: It have a sounds, a
beautiful sounds
that
makes me love a music.
Interference relates to function or meaning of
grammatical forms.
It has a sound, a beautiful sound
that
makes me love the music.
00:53
b. Q: What is the best gift
you have ever received? A:
I love a music now. I love music now.
00:59
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