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g. Lack of appropriate Teacher Guidance Difficulties in reading comprehension may frequently be solved with
the aid of teacher who has skill in observing causes of the difficulties. Based on the problems above, a teacher must understand and help the
students to solve the causes of students’ difficulties in comprehending the text. Moreover, knowledge of the causes may help the teacher to prevent the
occurrence of serious deficiencies.
5. Skills of Reading Comprehension
A teacher needs to know the various skills to understand a young learner’s problems in reading comprehension and to plan an effective developmental
program in reading in order to make up the ability to comprehend what is read as stated by De Boer and Dalmman 1964: 134. According to the reader’s
purpose, the skills are: a. reading to find main idea
b. reading to select significant details c. reading to answer questions
d. reading to arrive at generalization e. reading to predict outcome
f. reading to follow direct g. reading to evaluate critically
h. reading graphs, tables, charts and maps After understanding the skills of reading based on the reader’s purpose,
teacher has a guidance to plan the way to make students comprehend what is read by them.
6. Questioning Techniques on Reading Comprehension Skills
There are seven major types of questions that have been found to be useful in guiding questions, namely main idea questions, detail questions, vocabulary
questions, sequence questions, inference questions, evaluation questions, and
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creative response questions Burns, 1984: 203. The brief explanations are as follows:
a. Main Idea questions Asking students to identify the central theme of the selection
b. Detail questions Asking students for bits of information conveyed by the material
c. Vocabulary questions Asking students for the meaning of words used in the selection
d. Sequence questions Asking students to require knowledge of events in order of
occurrence e. Inference questions
Asking students for information that is implied or not directly stated in the material
f. Evaluation Questions Asking students for judgements about the material
g. Creative response questions Asking students to beyond the material and create new ideas based
on the ideas they have read The types of the questions above can be used by a teacher as the guidance
to construct the reading comprehension test items. In this research, the researcher used the types of questions to construct pre and post test.
7. Units of Reading Comprehension
