Significance of the Analysis Review of Related Literature

1.6 Significance of the Analysis

This thesis is expected to give some significance for readers. They are: 1. Practically, this thesis is hoped could be references to the readers. And to tell the readers those languages in Indonesia can be compared with another language in the world. 2. Academically, this thesis is hoped to enrich knowledge of students of faculty of letters, especially English literatures department and as a contribution for those who need references in doing a research. 3. Theoretically, this thesis is hoped can enrich the writer and other researchers knowledge about linguistic.

1.7 Review of Related Literature

In analyzing the morphology process of English and Acehnese affixes, the writer have read some books that related to the cases. Most of the books refer to language and its aspects particularly the morphology. Naibaho 2006 : 1 says that “Contrastive Analysis is the method of analysis whereby the differences and similarities of two or more language or sub-system of language are made explicit”. In completing this thesis, the writer refer to some related literature from some researchers, they are: Nurhadi. S 2008, in his thesis “A Contrastive Analysis of Suffixes between English and Acehnese”. The thesis analyzes the form, distribution, function, and meaning of suffixes in both of languages. Universitas Sumatera Utara Here are some titles of books that discuss about morphology and Acehnese affixation that required in this thesis. Zaini Ali dkk : Sistem Morfologi Kata Kerja Bahasa Aceh. Budiman Sulaiman dkk : Struktur Bahasa Aceh : Morfologi dan Sintaksis. Wildan dkk : Tata Bahasa Aceh. In the book entitled Struktur Bahasa Aceh: Morfologi dan Sintaksis, Sulaiman says that “Pembentukan kata baru berimbuhan dalam bahasa Aceh dilakukan dengan cara penambahan pada kata asal. Sebagai akibat dari prose situ, kadang-kadang terjadilah perubahan fonologi, yaitu perubahan atau penggantian salah satu fonem pada suatu morfem”. Based on the finding of these above, the writer want to explain that the analysis focuses on English and Acehnese affixes. Actually, this thesis is the same with some these above, that is the affixation but with different objects of the analysis. Universitas Sumatera Utara CHAPTER II A BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF AFFIXES An affix is a morpheme that is attached to a word to form a new word Scalise, 1984: 79 Affixes are introduced by the derivational rules. There is no difference between the representation of affixes and the rules that introduced them. Affixes, therefore, must be bracketed not as autonomous formatives but rather as formatives that are added to other specific formatives. Not be labeled with only one syntactic category since they, in fact, express a relation between two syntactic categories e.g. –ic forms Adjective from nouns, and be provided with a boundary symbol. The set of affixes can be divided into two subsets, prefixes and suffixes. Depending, among other things, on the position in which they are attached. The former precede the element to which they are added, while the latter follow it. It should be noted that prefixes are different from stems which we have seen are sometimes also referred as prefixes; while prefixes are uniquely attached to the left of their base element, stems exhibit a variety of combinatorial possibilities. Affixation is, thus, the linguistic process speakers use to form new words neologisms by adding morphemes affixes at the beginning prefixation, the middle infixation or the end suffixation of words. Affixes are divided into several categories, depending on their position with reference to the stem. Prefix and suffix are extremely common terms. Infix and Universitas Sumatera Utara circumfix are less so, as they are not important in European languages. The other terms are uncommon. Categories of affixes Affix Example Schema Description Prefix un-do prefix-stem Appears at the front of a stem. SuffixPostfix look-ing stem-suffix Appears at the back of a stem. Infix Minne‹flippin›sota st‹infix›em Appears within a stem common in Borneo- Philippines languages. Circumfix a›scatter‹ed circumfix›stem‹circumfix One position appears at the front of a stem, and the other at the rear. Interfix speed-o-meter stem a -interfix-stem b Links two stems together Universitas Sumatera Utara in a compound. Duplifix teeny~weeny stem~duplifix Incorporates a reduplicated position of a stem may occur in front, at the rear, or within the stem. Transfix Maltese: k‹i›t‹e›b he wrotecompare root ktb write s‹transfix›te‹transfix›m A discontinuous affix that interleaves within a discontinuous stem. Simulfix mouse → mice Changes a segment of a stem. Suprafix produce noun produce verb Changes a suprasegmental phoneme of a Universitas Sumatera Utara stem. Disfix Alabama: tipli break up compare root tipasli break Stem The elision of a portion of a stem. Prefix and suffix may be subsumed under the term adfix in contrast to infix. In transcription, for example in the third column in the chart above, simple affixes