Prefixes A Contrastive Analysis Between English And Acehnese Affixes

CHAPTER IV AFFIXES IN ACEHNESE

After analyzing prefixes and suffixes of English, now the writer will analyze the processes of affixation in Acehnese language, especially the prefixes and suffixes.

4.1 Prefixes

In this occasion, the writer tries to analyze five prefixes in Acehnese language. They are listed as follows: Prefix meu- meu Prefix neu- neu Prefix peu- peu Prefix teu-teu Prefix beu- beu 4.1.1. Prefix meu- meu 4.1.1. a Form Prefix meu- does not have any change when it is attached to the base form. E.g. meu- + mat ‘hold’ = meumat ‘holding’ meu- + pajoh ‘eat’ = meupa joh ‘eating’ meu- + jak ‘go’ = meujak ‘going’ Universitas Sumatera Utara 4.1.1.b Distribution Prefix meu- may be attached to the base as follows : a. Noun e.g. meu- + sabon ‘soap’ = meusabon ‘soapy’ meu- + cabeung ‘branch’ = meucabeung ‘branches’ b. Verb e.g. meu- + grob ‘jump’ = meugrob ‘jumps’ meu- + prang ‘war’ = meuprang ‘wars’ c. Adjective e.g. meu- + rugoe ‘lose out’ = meurugoe ‘loses’ meu- + payong ‘umbrella’ = meupayong ‘umbrella’ d. Numeral e.g. meu + dua ‘two’ = meudua ‘two’ meu + reutoh ‘hundred’ = meureutoh ‘hundred’ e. Pronoun e.g. meu + gata ‘you’ = meugata ‘calling you’ meu + cuda ‘sister’ = meucuda ‘calling sister’ f. Adverb e.g. meu + rame-rame ‘crowded’ = meurame-rame ‘crowded’ meu + bagah-bagah ‘fast’ = meubagah-bagah ‘faster’ Universitas Sumatera Utara 4.1.1.c Function The function of prefix meu- is to form: a. Verb e.g. meu- + kayoh ‘row’ = meukayoh ‘rowing’ meu- + gantoe ‘replacement’ = meugantoe ‘replace’ 4.1.1.d Meaning The meaning of prefix meu- is ‘to do an active action’ e.g. meu- + kap ‘bite’ = meukap ‘bitten’ meu- + koh ‘cut’ = meukoh ‘cut’ 4.1.2. Prefix Peu- 4.1.2.a Form Prefix peu- does not have any change when it is attached to the base form. e.g. peu- + lawok ‘mix’ = peulawok ‘mixed’ peu- + ato ‘arrange’ = peuato ‘arranged’ 4.1.2.b Distribution Prefix peu- may be attached to the base as follows: a. Noun e.g. peu + sira ‘salt’ = peusira ‘salty’ peu- + asoe ‘content’ = peuasoe ‘contents’ Universitas Sumatera Utara b. Verb e.g. peu- + intat ‘deliver’ = peuintat ‘delivery’ peu- + riwang ‘return’ = peuriwang ‘returns’ 4.1.2.c Function The function of prefix peu- is to form: a. Verb e.g. peu- + seutot ‘find’ = peuseutot ‘finding’ peu- + beudoh ‘wake up’ = peuseutot ‘wake’ 4.1.2.d Meaning The meaning of prefix peu- is ‘to do an action’ e.g. peu- + plung ‘run’ = peuplung ‘run’ peu- + maen ‘play’ = peumaen ‘plays’ 4.1.3. Prefix beu- 4.1.3.a Form Prefix beu- does not have any change when it is attached to the base form. But prefix beu- has two affixes unite beumeu- and beuteu. e.g. beumeu- + som ‘hide’ = beumeusom ‘hide’ beumeu- + ba ‘bring’ = beumeuba ‘bring’ e.g. beuteu- + puta ‘turning’ = beuteuputa ‘turning’ beuteu- + raba ‘touch’ = beuteuraba ‘touching’ Universitas Sumatera Utara 4.1.3.b Distribution Prefix peu- may be attached to the base as follows : a. Noun e.g. beumeu- + kuah ‘gravy’ = beumeukuah ‘gravy’ beumeu- + gunteng ‘cut’ = beumeugunteng ‘cutting’ b. Verb e.g. beumeu- + seumpom ‘toss’ = beumeuseumpom ‘be tossed’ beumeu- + sie ‘slice’ = beumeusie ‘slash into’ c. Adjective e.g. beumeu- + tuah ‘noble’ = beumeutuah ‘honorable’ beumeu- + saba ‘patient’ = beumeusaba ‘be patient’ d. Pronoun beumeu e.g. beumeu- + pat ‘where’ = beumeupat ‘must know where’ beumeu- + peu ‘what’ = beumeupat ‘must know what’ 4.1.3.c Function The function of prefix beumeu- is to form: a. Verb Universitas Sumatera Utara e.g. beumeu- + pate ‘fold’ = beumeupate ‘fold’ beumeu- + putie ‘select’ = beumeuputie ‘selected’ 4.1.3.d Meaning The meaning of prefix beumeu- is ‘to do an action or make something becoming’ e.g. beumeu- + taron ‘snare’ = beumeutaron ‘to be snare’ beumeu- + teumeung ‘find’ = beuteumeung’ ‘to be found’ 4.1.4. Prefix neu- neu 4.1.4.a Form Prefix neu- does not have any change when it is attached to the base form. e.g. neu- + beuet ‘pray’ = neubeuet ‘prayed’ neu- + bloe ‘buy’ = neubloe ‘buyed’ 4.1.4.b Distribution Prefix neu- may be attached to the base form: a. Verb e.g. neu- + tuleh ‘write’ = neutuleh ‘you write’ neu- + gamba ‘draw’ = neugamba ‘you draw’ b. Adjective e.g. neu + sayang ‘love’ = neusayang ‘loved by you’ Universitas Sumatera Utara neu + tulong ‘help’ = neutulong ‘helped by you’ 4.1.4.c Function Prefix neu- has function to form: a. Verb e.g. neu- + tampa ‘slap’ = neutampa ‘slaped’ neu- + raba ‘touch’ = neuraba ‘touched’ 4.1.4.d Meaning Prefix neu- has meaning to indicate the verb form: e.g. neu- + sahob ‘angry’ = neusahob ‘angry’ neu- + khem ‘smile’ = neukhem ‘smiled’ 4.1.5. Prefix teu-teu 4.1.5.a Form Prefix teu- does not have any change when it is attached to the base form. e.g. teu- + kap ‘bite’ = teukap ‘bitten’ teu- + sie ‘cut’ = teusie ‘cutting’ 4.1.5.b Distribution Prefix teu- may be attached to the base as follows : a. Noun Universitas Sumatera Utara e.g. teu- + catok ‘mattock’ = teucatok ‘mattock’ teu- + pageue ‘fence’ = teupageue ‘fence’ b. Verb e.g. teu- + ngieng ‘see’ = teungieng ‘see’ teu- + bah ‘throw’ = teubah ‘throw’ c. Adjective e.g. teu- + seungeh-seungeh ‘smile’ = teuseungeh-seungeh ‘smile’ teu- + tahe-tahe ‘amaze’= teutahe-tahe ‘amaze’ 4.1.5.c Function Prefix teu- functions to form: a. Verb from noun e.g. teu- + gunteng ‘cut’ = teugunteng ‘cutting’ teu- + sareng ‘strain’ = teusareng ‘strained’

4.1.5. d Meaning

The meaning of prefix teu- is ‘to do an action accidently action’ e.g. teu- + asek ‘shake’ = teuasek ‘shaking’ teu- + seumpom ‘throw’= teuseumpom ‘throwing’ Universitas Sumatera Utara

4.2 Suffixes