en- +
bark = embark
‘put or take on board a ship’
3.1.6.b Distribution
The base words which may be attached by prefix en- are: a. Noun
e.g. en-
+ code = encode
‘put in a code’ en-
+ case
= encase ‘pu into a case’
b. Verb e.g.
en- +
roll = enroll
‘ cause to become a member’ en-
+ join
= enjoin ‘give an order for’
c. Adjective e.g.
en- +
sure = ensure
‘make sure’ en-
+ rich
= enrich ‘make rich’
3.1.6.c Function Prefix en- may be function as follows:
a. To form verb from noun.
e.g. en-
+ circle = encircle
‘surround’ en-
+ list
= enlist ‘take into’
b. To form verb from adjective. e.g.
en- +
able = enable
‘make able’ en-
+ sure
= ensure ‘make sure’
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3.1.6.d Meaning
The meaning of prefix en- may be described as follows: a. To do an action relating to what is mentioned in the base.
e.g. en-
+ chain = enchain
‘fasten with chain’ en-
+ crust = encrust
‘cover with crust’ b. To indicate the meaning of ‘put in or on’.
e.g. en-
+ code = encode
‘put in a code’ en-
+ bark
= embark ‘put or take a board on ship’
c. To indicate the meaning of ‘make into or cause to be’. e.g.
en- +
courage = encourage ‘give hope or support to’
en- +
rich = enrich
‘make rich’
3.1.7. Prefix in- \n 3.1.7.a Form
Prefix in- has an allomorph. It may be changed into il-, im-, and ir-, when it is attached to the base begun with phonemes e, b, p, m, r. the variations of prefix
in- are : a. il-
e.g. in-
+ logic = illogic
‘without logic’ in-
+ legal = illegal
‘not legal’ b. im-
e.g. in-
+ polite = impolite
‘not polite’ in-
+ patient = impatient
‘not patient’
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c. ir-
e.g. in-
+ regular
= irregular ‘contrary to rules’
in- +
relevant = irrelevant
‘not relevant’
3.1.7.b Distribution
Prefix in- may be attached to the base as follows: a. Noun
e.g. in-
+ person
+ -al
= impersonal ‘not influenced by personal’
in- +
balance = imbalance ‘absence of
balance’ b. Verb
e.g. in-
+ put
= input ‘what is put in or supplied’
in- +
plant = implant ‘fix or put ideas, feelings, etc, in’
c. Adjective e.g.
in- +
direct = indirect ‘not straight or direct’
in- +
elegant = inelegant ‘not graceful or refined’
3.1.7.c Function
Prefix in- is functioning to form: a. Noun
e.g. in-
+ different
= indifferent ‘having no interest in’ in-
+ road
= inroad ‘sudden attack’
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b. Verb e.g.
in- +
corporte = incorporate ‘become united in’
in- +
flow = inflowing in’
c. Adjective e.g.
in- +
religi = irreligious ‘showing no interest in religi’
in- +
regular = irregular
‘contrary to rules’
3.1.7.d Meaning
The meaning of prefix in- may be described as follows: a. To indicate the meaning of ‘not or without’
e.g. in-
+ perfect
= imperfect ‘not perfect’
in- +
effective = ineffective ‘not effective’
b. To indicate the meaning of ‘in or on’ e.g.
in- +
habit = inhabit
‘live in’ in-
+ side
= inside ‘inner side of surface’
3.1.8. Prefix mis m\s 3.1.8.a Form
Prefix mis- has only one form when it is attached to the base beginning with vowel or consonant phonemes.
e.g. mis-
+ fortune
= misfortune ‘bad luck’ mis-
+ rule
= misrule ‘failure to hit, cacth reach’
mis- +
inform = misinform ‘give wrong information to’
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3.1.8.b Distribution
Prefix mis- may be attached to the base as follows: a. Noun
e.g. mis-
+ fire
= misfire ‘fail to go off of a gun
mis- +
name = misname
‘call by a wrong or improper name’
b. Verb e.g.
mis- +
print = misprint
‘make an error in printing’ mis-
+ read
= misread ‘read wrongly’
3.1.8.c Function
Prefix mis- does not function to form a new class of word. e.g.
mis- +
lead V = mislead V ‘lead wrongly’
mis- +
count V = miscount V
‘count wrongly’
3.1.8.d Meaning
Prefix mis- has only one meaning indicating ‘not, bad, wrong’ e.g.
mis- +
call = miscall
‘call by a wrong name’ mis-
+ rule
= misrule ‘bad government’
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3.1.9 Prefix re- ri: 3.1.9.a Form
Prefix re- does not have any change when it is attached to the base beginning with vowel or consonant phonemes.
e.g. re-
+ arrange
= rearrange ‘put in a different order’
re- +
build = rebuild
‘build or put together again’ re-
+ act
= react ‘have an effect acting’
3.1.9.b Distribution
Prefix re- may be attached only to the base of verb. e.g.
re- +
call = recall
‘summon back’ re-
+ produce
= reproduce ‘cause to be seen, heard, etc,
again’
3.1.9.c Function
Prefix re-does not function to change word class. e.g.
re- +
fill V = refill V
‘fill again’ re
+ move V
= remove V ‘take off or away from the place occupied’
3.1.9.d Meaning
Prefix re- may be indicate the meaning of ‘again, or put into a new ‘of what mentioned in the base.
e.g. re-
+ organize
= reorganize ‘organize again’
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re- +
open = reopen
‘open again after being closed’
re- +
marry = remarry
‘marry again’
3.1.10 Prefix un- ʌn 3.1.10.a Form
Prefix un- has only one form when it is attached to the base beginning with either vowel or consonant phonemes.
e.g. un-
+ civil
= uncivil ‘impolite’
un- +
easy = uneasy
‘not easy in body or mind’ un-
+ fair
= unfair ‘not fair’
3.1.10.b Distribution
Prefix un- may be attached to the base as follows: a. Noun
e.g. un-
+ earth
= unearth ‘discoverand bring to light’
un- +
dress = undress
‘remove the clothes of’ b. Verb
e.g. un-
+ cover
= uncover ‘remove a cover from’
un- +
pack = unpack
‘take out things packaged’ c. Adjective
e.g. un-
+ aware
= unware ‘not aware’
un- +
certain = uncertain
‘changeable’
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3.1.10.c Function
Prefix un- does not function to change class of word. e.g.
un- +
belief Adj = unbelief Adj
‘state of not believing in’
un- +
easy Adj = uneasy Adj
‘not easy’
3.1.10.d Meaning
Prefix un- may indicate the meaning of ‘opposite of, reverse, negative’ of what mentioned in the base.
e.g. un-
+ educate
= unducated ‘not educated’ un-
+ lock
= unlock ‘unfasten the lock’
3.2 Suffixes
