Principles of Translation Translation

1 Analysis Analysis of the SL text is the first step for the translator in the process of translation. The translator should have knowledge and master in linguistic and socio – cultural aspect of both languages. It is very crucial to analyze the content of the whole text. The process analyzing in term of linguistic means that translator should master in term of structure, language style, semantic idiom, etc, which is used in the SL text. The second aspect is socio – cultural. It is crucial because the translation process does not only translate the language but also transfer the culture of the SL text. Mastering in this term can help the translator understand the massage of the content and make translator work correctly 2 Transfer In this step the translator began to translate the SL into the TL. The content of the message is transferred from text A source the language into language B the receptor language text. The translator must create the right equivalence for the word, phrase, clause, and sentences of the SL into the TL. 3 Restructuring In this step the translator makes some correction and makes complete translation that realize in final message that is fully acceptable in the receptor language

e. Translation As a Product

After doing the process of translation, there will be “result” of translation. As mentioned above, Munday 2001: 4 explaining some meanings of translation, one of them is translation as “product” ; the text has been translated. Beside, Bell 1991: 13 also defines that translation is a product of the process of translation i.e the translation text. In this case, the readers only read the product without knowing the process. It is needed to know the differences between translation as a “process” and as a “result” known as product. In this view, Bell describes as follows. “the process or result of converting information from one language or language variety into another… the aim is to reproduce as acc urately as possible all grammatical and lexical features of the „source language’. At some time all factual information continued in the original text… must be retained in the translation Bell, 1991: 13” Bell 1991:13 concludes that translation is the abstract concept which encompasses both the process of translating and product of that process

f. Common Problems in Translation

Occasionally the translator finds few problems in reproducing the equivalent context in the TL. On the other hand, the translator is demanded to fulfill this equivalency aspect. Mona Baker in her book In The Other Words 1992: 21 – 25 offers some common problems of non – equivalency of word level as follows: