c. Emotional Factors
Children may experience failure in school because of their incapability to handle emotions. Psychologists have studied that problematic children with
insecurity, hostility, dependency can resist and even hate reading. In this case, children can be given treatment to relieve them from pressure and encourage them
to read. It has been proved that treatment not only helping students to read more but also effective for children personal adjustment.
d.
Sociocultural Factors
There are enough evidences that student with higher socioeconomic classes are far better readers than other. In this case, students with higher culture can read
proper English than students who speak dialects having hard time in written Standard English. this can be helped with reading program from the school,
parents and teacher together they motivates students and provide them variety in activities and books to read.
e.
School Factors
The school factors problem in reading is mainly from the teacher. If the teacher could not provide special instruction for student with reading problems,
they can fail and it will become worse. School administration can be blamed too if they could not provide support for teacher. They give teacher a large classroom
that is decreasing the teacher confidence to provide student in need.
B. Narrative Text 1. Definition of Narrative Text
Chatman in his book, state that narrative is a compiled series of events that ends with conclusion.
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That means Narrative text is a compiled sequence of problematic events, it always ends with resolution from the problems. In Narrative
text, plot became the main content, Gordon and Kuehner stated that plot could be
14
Seymour Chatman, Reading Narrative fiction, Texas: Macmillan Publishing: 1993.
defined as an author’s careful array of events in narrative to achieve a desired effect.
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Plot in narrative text is important as it is necessary for narrative text to be chronologically written.
2. Structure of Narrative Text
Narrative text focuses the text in chronological series of occurrence.
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Below are the generic structure of narrative text:
a. Orientation Introduction Orientation consists of setting in the story. It includes the introduction of
characters, background story, time of the story etc. it usually answers “Who, When, and Where”. For example, Mr. Wolf went out hunting in the forest one
dark gloomy night.
b. Complication or problem Complication is a series of occurrences that happens in the story. It involves
the main characters problem or hardships in a story.
c. Resolution There needs to be a resolution after the complication. The complication may
have happy ending or bad ending. Sometimes there are a number of complications that have to be resolved. These complications will add and sustain interest and
suspense for the reader.
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Jane Bachman Gordon and Karen Kuehner, Fiction: The Elements of Short Story, Ohio: McGraw-Hill, 1999, p. 1
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Joko Priyana, Interlanguage: English for Senior High School XI, Pusat Perbukuan Departemen Pendidikan Nasional, 2008
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